Articles: adult.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
In older adults receiving high-risk medications, a deprescribing intervention did not reduce falls at 18 mo.
Phelan EA, Williamson BD, Balderson BH, et al. Reducing central nervous system-active medications to prevent falls and injuries among older adults: a cluster randomized clinical trial. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7:e2424234. 39052289.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Oct 2024
Randomized Controlled TrialEffect of Esketamine on Postoperative Delirium in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Valve Replacement with Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of esketamine on the risk of postoperative delirium (POD) in adults undergoing on-pump cardiac valve surgery. ⋯ A single dose of esketamine (0.25 mg/kg) injected intravenously before anesthesia induction reduced the incidence of delirium in relatively young patients with ASA grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ who underwent on-pump cardiac surgery.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
In persistent uncontrolled asthma, adding azithromycin to standard therapy increased clinical remission rates at 1 y.
Thomas D, McDonald VM, Stevens S, et al. Effect of azithromycin on asthma remission in adults with persistent uncontrolled asthma: a secondary analysis of a randomized, double-anonymized, placebo-controlled trial. Chest. 2024;166:262-270. 38431051.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Sudden gains in depression and anxiety during an online pain management programme for chronic pain.
Chronic pain is associated with depression and anxiety symptoms. Pain management programms, delivered face-to-face or via the internet, can effectively help adults manage the impacts of chronic pain. Sudden gains are defined as substantial, rapid, and lasting symptom reductions that occur between consecutive treatment sessions and have been associated with better treatment outcomes in non-pain samples. This study examined whether adults with chronic pain report sudden gains in depression or anxiety symptoms during an 8-week online pain management programme, and whether sudden gains were associated with better treatment outcomes for depression or anxiety. Dominant theories of sudden gains argue that therapists are required for sudden gains to be maintained and improve treatment outcomes. ⋯ Sudden gains in depression and anxiety symptoms were not associated with improved treatment outcomes for adults with chronic pain who participated in an online pain management programme, regardless of the level of therapist guidance provided. These findings suggest possible differences in symptom change in chronic pain samples compared to general population samples.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Incidence and risk factors for central venous access device failure in hospitalized adults: A multivariable analysis of 1892 catheters.
Central venous access devices (CVADs) allow intravenous therapy, haemodynamic monitoring and blood sampling but many fail before therapy completion. ⋯ In 1892 CVADs, all-cause failure occurred in 10.2% of devices: 49 NTCVADs (6.1%); 100 PICCs (13.2%); 44 TCVADs (13.4%). Failure rates for CLABSI, occlusion and dislodgement were 5.3%, 1.8%, and 1.7%, respectively. Independent CLABSI predictors were blood product administration through PICCs (hazard ratio (HR) 2.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.24-5.55); and in TCVADs, one or two lumens, compared with three to four (HR 3.36, 95%CI 1.68-6.71), intravenous chemotherapy (HR 2.96, 95%CI 1.31-6.68), and diabetes (HR 3.25, 95%CI 1.40-7.57). Independent factors protective for CLABSI include antimicrobial NTCVADs (HR 0.23, 95%CI 0.08-0.63) and lipids in TCVADs (HR 0.32, 95%CI 0.14-0.72). NTCVADs inserted at another hospital (HR 7.06, 95%CI 1.48-33.7) and baseline infection in patients with PICCs (HR 2.72, 95%CI 1.08-6.83) were predictors for dislodgement. No independent occlusion predictors were found. Modifiable risk factors were identified for CVAD failure, which occurred for 1-in-10 catheters. Strict infection prevention measures and improved CVAD securement could reduce CLABSI and dislodgement risk.