Articles: surgery.
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Int J Gynaecol Obstet · Apr 1984
Maternal weight and weight gain in pregnancy and obstetric outcome.
We studied 3002 antenatal patients to assess the relationship between maternal weight at booking in the first trimester and the total weight gain during the pregnancy and the birth weight of infants, pregnancy complications and mode of delivery. We found if the weight of the mother in the first trimester was lower or higher by 20% as compared with the standard weight, and the weight gain was more than 16 kg and less than 2.5 kg, there was higher incidences of maternal and fetal morbidity (P less than 0.01).
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The past decade has witnessed many changes in the basic concepts and understanding of breast cancer. The classic radical mastectomy, which prevailed for almost 100 years, has given way to a less aggressive surgical approach that aims to provide a better quality of life without compromising survival. Modified radical mastectomy, simple mastectomy, and breast-conserving local excision are discussed.
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Neonatal tetanus is an important cause of avoidable morbidity and mortality. In the past this disease was overlooked by the health services of many developing countries, but recently the extent and magnitude of neonatal tetanus has become clearer and shown that it is a very serious health problem in the developing countries. The results of community-based surveys show that neonatal tetanus mortality rates range from less than 5 to more than 60 per 1000 live births; these deaths represent between 23% and 72% of all neonatal deaths. ⋯ Neonatal tetanus mortality should serve as an index of the quality and the extent of utilization of the maternal health services, of the impact of immunization programmes, and of the progress being made in achieving the WHO goal of "Health for All by the Year 2000". The elimination of neonatal tetanus calls for a full commitment by governments and by other bodies, public and private, with a responsibility for the care of women and children. The occurrence of even a single case of neonatal tetanus is witness to failures in the health system, for prevention is possible through the actions of trained health staff in contact with the mother.