Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Journal of neurosurgery · Apr 2015
Cerebrolysin improves cognitive performance in rats after mild traumatic brain injury.
Long-term memory deficits occur after mild traumatic brain injuries (mTBIs), and effective treatment modalities are currently unavailable. Cerebrolysin, a peptide preparation mimicking the action of neurotrophic factors, has beneficial effects on neurodegenerative diseases and brain injuries. The present study investigated the long-term effects of Cerebrolysin treatment on cognitive function in rats after mTBI. ⋯ These results indicate that Cerebrolysin treatment of mTBI improves long-term cognitive function, and this improvement may be partially related to decreased brain APP accumulation and astrogliosis as well as increased neuroblasts and neurogenesis.
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Among many factors determining the outcome of complex fractures in polytrauma patients, the role of traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains only partly understood. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of traumatic brain injury on bone healing through the establishment of a novel standardised animal model that sequentially combines traumatic brain injury (TBI) with a long bone injury. ⋯ The present study offers three new aspects: a standardised model for combined injury of TBI and femoral osteotomy; direct and serial in vivo imaging and quantification of fracture healing response using micro-CT; testing of potentially beneficial therapeutic regimens for fracture treatment in presence of TBI. Thus this model provides a valuable basic approach for the study of the amplifying effect of TBI on callus formation seen in patients with craniocerebral injury and concomitant skeletal trauma.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Apr 2015
ReviewThe manifestation of anxiety disorders after traumatic brain injury: A review.
The development of anxiety disorders after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a strong predictor of social, personal, and work dysfunction; nevertheless, the emergence of anxiety has been largely unexplored and poorly understood in the context of TBI. This article provides an overview of the limited published research to date on anxiety disorders that are known to develop after TBI, including post-traumatic stress disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, specific phobia, and social anxiety disorder. ⋯ Putative neural correlates will be reviewed where known. A discussion of current treatment options and avenues for further research are explored.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Apr 2015
Structured interview for Mild Traumatic Brain Injury after military blast: interrater agreement and development of diagnostic algorithm.
The existing gold standard for diagnosing a suspected previous mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is clinical interview. But it is prone to bias, especially for parsing the physical versus psychological effects of traumatic combat events, and its inter-rater reliability is unknown. Several standardized TBI interview instruments have been developed for research use but have similar limitations. ⋯ The accuracy of this algorithm, when applied against the actual physician consensus in sample 2, was almost perfect (correctly classified = 97%; Cohen's kappa = 0.91). In conclusion, we found that highly trained clinicians often disagree on historical blast-related mTBI determinations. A fully structured interview algorithm was developed from their consensus diagnosis that may serve to enhance diagnostic standardization for clinical research in this population.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Apr 2015
Multicenter StudyCould a traumatic epidural hematoma on early CT tell us about its future development? A multi-center retrospective study in China.
Our aim for this study was to quantitatively develop an early epidural hematoma (EDH) natural evolutionary curve and assess association of the most common radiological signs of initially nonsurgical supratentorial EDHs on early computed tomography (CT), in addition to their CT time for EDH enlargement. We retrospectively reviewed pertinent data of supratentorial EDH cases with CT ≤ 6 h postinjury (1997-2013) in three medical institutions in Shanghai. Cases involved were divided into six groups according to their initial CT time postinjury (≤ 1, 1-2, 2-3, 3-4, 4-5, and 5-6 h for groups 1 through 6, respectively). ⋯ Multi-variate analysis succeeded in determining two risk factors for EDH enlargement ≥ 30 mL and EDH enlargement requiring an operation for EDH cases with an early CT/EDH volume >10 mL on CT performed ≤ 2 h and EDH located at the temporal or temporoparietal region on CT ≤ 1 h post brain injury. Using recursive partitioning analysis, "high-risk" identification criteria were derived to predict EDH enlargement ≥ 30 mL with sensitivity of 90.5% (95% confidence interval [CI], 77.9-96.2), specificity of 60.1% (95% CI, 54.3-65.7), and EDH enlargement requiring surgery with sensitivity of 100.0% (95% CI, 89.9-100.0), and specificity of 59.9% (95% CI, 54.1-65.4). A redo-CT 5 ∼ 6 h post impact for cases at high risk is recommended.