Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Comparative Study
Neuroprotective effects of progesterone in traumatic brain injury: blunted in vivo neutrophil activation at the blood-brain barrier.
Progesterone (PRO) may confer a survival advantage in traumatic brain injury (TBI) by reducing cerebral edema. We hypothesized that PRO reduces edema by blocking polymorphonuclear (PMN) interactions with endothelium (EC) in the blood-brain barrier (BBB). ⋯ PRO reduces live pericontusional EC/PMN and BBB macromolecular leakage after TBI. Direct PRO effects on the microcirculation warrant further investigation.
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Sleep medicine reviews · Dec 2013
ReviewSelf-report instruments for assessing sleep dysfunction in an adult traumatic brain injury population: a systematic review.
To review the number and characteristics of self-reported sleep measures used to evaluate impaired sleep/wakefulness in traumatic brain injury (TBI) populations. ⋯ Although no instrument has been specifically developed for TBI patients, there are scientific benefits to using the existing measures. However, additional research is needed to examine their applicability to the TBI population. The design and introduction of a new instrument able to triage sleep-related complaints between depressive, other medical, and primary sleep disorders-with a section for caregiver reports-might assist in the identification of the etiology of sleep dysfunction in persons with TBI. In choosing or developing a sleep measure, researchers and clinicians must consider the specific domains they want to screen, diagnose, or monitor. Polysomnography is recommended for diagnosing specific sleep disorders that cannot be diagnosed solely using a self-report measure.
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Arch Phys Med Rehabil · Dec 2013
Multicenter StudyLongitudinal description of the disability rating scale for individuals in the National Institute on Disability and Rehabilitation Research traumatic brain injury model systems national database.
To develop a detailed understanding of temporal change (ie, estimated trajectories) at the individual level as measured by the Disability Rating Scale (DRS). ⋯ With the use of IGC analysis, the longitudinal trajectory of recovery on the DRS for individuals sharing common characteristics and traits can be described. This methodology allows researchers and clinicians to predict numerous individual-level trajectories through use of a web-based computer automated interactive tool.
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Numerous studies on the high prevalence of sleep disorders in individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) have been conducted in the past few decades. These disorders can accentuate other consequences of TBI, negatively impacting mood, exacerbating pain, heightening irritability, and diminishing cognitive abilities and the potential for recovery. Nevertheless, sleep is not routinely assessed in this population. ⋯ The evidence we reviewed supports screening for post-TBI sleep dysfunction. This approach could improve the outcomes and reduce the risks for post-TBI adverse health and nonhealth effects (e.g., secondary injuries). A joint sleep and brain injury collaboration focusing on outcomes is needed to improve our knowledge.
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Traumatic brain injury in contact sports has significant impact on short-term neurologic and neurosurgical function as well as longer-term cognitive disability. In this study, we aim to demonstrate that contact sport participants exhibit differences in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) caused by repeated physical impacts on the brain. We also aim to determine that impact incurred by the contact sports athletes during the season may result in the differences between the pre- and postseason DTI scans. ⋯ There are significant DTI changes in the CC, the external capsule, the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, as well as regions such as the superior/posterior corona radiata the preseason contact versus the noncontact control athletes were compared and also when the postseason contact athletes with the control athletes were compared.