Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Burns are an important cause of battlefield injury, accounting for 5-20% of the combat injury burden. To date, no report has examined the full range of burns, from mild to severe, resulting from post-9/11 conflicts. The present study leverages the Expeditionary Medical Encounter Database (EMED), a Navy-maintained health database describing all service member medical encounters occurring during deployment, to capture, quantify and characterize burn-injured service members and the injuries they sustained while deployed in support of post-9/11 operations. ⋯ The majority of burns tend to be small in size, with the head and hands most commonly affected. As these areas are often left uncovered by the uniform, prevention measures, particularly improvement in and increased usage of personal protective gear, may help reduce these injuries and their consequences.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Mar 2023
Mild traumatic brain injury induces time and sex-dependent cerebrovascular dysfunction and stroke vulnerability.
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) produces subtle cerebrovascular impairments that persist over time and promote increased ischemic stroke vulnerability. We recently established a role for vascular impairments in exacerbating stroke outcomes 1 week after TBI, but there is a lack of research regarding long-term impacts of mTBI-induced vascular dysfunction, as well as a significant need to understand how mTBI promotes stroke vulnerability in both males and females. ⋯ Importantly, mTBI-induced changes in blood-brain barrier permeability, intravascular coagulation, angiogenic factors, total vascular area, and glial expression were differentially altered across time and by sex. Taken together, these data suggest that mTBI can result in persistent cerebrovascular dysfunction and increased susceptibility to worsened ischemic outcomes, although these dysfunctions occur differently in male and female mice.
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Few studies on early functional outcomes following acute care after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are available. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a predictive model for functional outcomes at discharge for TBI patients using machine learning methods. ⋯ We established a random forest model that performed well in predicting early functional outcomes following acute care after TBI. The model has utility for informing decision-making regarding patient management and discharge planning and for facilitating health care quality assessment and resource allocation for TBI treatment.
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In children, epidural hematomas (EDHs) constitute around 2% to 3% of all head traumas. The aim of this study is to compare the manifestation, prognostic factors, and outcome of surgically treated supratentorial with infratentorial EDHs in pediatric patients. ⋯ Infratentorial EDH has better clinical outcomes than supratentorial EDH in surgically treated pediatric patients. The most significant and consistent factor influencing the outcome in both groups was the Glasgow Coma Score on admission.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Mar 2023
ReviewNeuromodulation therapies in pre-clinical models of traumatic brain injury: Systematic review and translational applications.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been associated with several lasting impairments that affect quality of life. Pre-clinical models of TBI have been studied to further our understanding of the underlying short-term and long-term symptomatology. Neuromodulation techniques have become of great interest in recent years as potential rehabilitative therapies after injury because of their capacity to alter neuronal activity and neural circuits in targeted brain regions. ⋯ These studies showed that tDCS, TMS, DBS, or VNS delivered to rodents restored TBI-induced deficits in coordination, balance, locomotor activity and improved cognitive impairments in memory, learning, and impulsivity. Potential mechanisms for these effects included neuroprotection, a decrease in apoptosis, neuroplasticity, and the restoration of neural circuit abnormalities. The translational value, potential applicability, and the interpretation of these findings in light of outcome data from clinical trials in patients with TBI are discussed.