Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Scand J Trauma Resus · Nov 2022
Characteristics and therapeutic profile of TBI patients who underwent bilateral decompressive craniectomy: experience with 151 cases.
Decompressive craniectomy (DC) and intracranial pressure (ICP) monitoring are common approaches to reduce the death rate of Traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients, but the outcomes of these patients are unfavorable, particularly those who receive bilateral DC. The authors discuss their experience using ICP and other potential methods to improve the outcomes of TBI patients who receive bilateral DC. ⋯ The avoidance of USS may be associated with improved outcomes of TBI patients who underwent bilateral DC. ICP monitoring was a potential approach to lower USS rate in TBI patients, but its specific benefits were uncertain.
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Electric scooters (e-scooters) are an increasingly popular form of transportation, but their use has also resulted in increased incidence of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Previous reports have predominantly described mild TBI with limited attention to other injury patterns. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of e-scooter use on rates of severe TBI. ⋯ Severe TBI after e-scooter use is associated with high morbidity and is likely underdiagnosed in the literature. Awareness and public policies may be helpful to reduce the impact of injury.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Nov 2022
Increased fear generalization and amygdala AMPA receptor proteins in chronic traumatic brain injury.
Cognitive impairments and emotional lability are common long-term consequences of traumatic brain injury (TBI). How TBI affects interactions between sensory, cognitive, and emotional systems may reveal mechanisms that underlie chronic mental health comorbidities. Previously, we reported changes in auditory-emotional network activity and enhanced fear learning early after TBI. ⋯ These findings suggest that TBI precipitates maladaptive associative fear generalization rather than non-associative sensitization. Basolateral amygdala (BLA) α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAr) subunits GluA1 and GluA2 levels were analyzed and the FPI-Noise Shock group had increased GluA1 (but not GluA2) levels that correlated with the level of tone fear generalization. This study illustrates a unique chronic TBI phenotype with both a cognitive impairment and increased fear and possibly altered synaptic transmission in the amygdala long after TBI, where stimulus generalization may underlie maladaptive fear and hyperarousal.