Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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India has one of the highest TBI burdens due to road traffic accidents (RTAs), with 60% of head injuries being attributable to RTA and more than 150,000 lives being lost annually due to traumatic brain injury (TBI). These numbers have prompted institutions and organizations at international, national, and local levels to mobilize and address this burden through prevention, prehospital care, and in hospital care. Academic institutions such as Andhra Medical College have run local campaigns promoting the wearing of helmets when riding 2-wheelers. ⋯ Institutions such as American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin, NSI, and NTSI have collaboratively developed TBI management guidelines that are specific to the Indian population (supported by American Association of South Asian Neurosurgeons). Non-governmental organizations such as the Indian Head Injury Foundation and Save Life Foundation have contributed to this movement by promoting awareness through campaigns and public education. While TBI remains a large burden in India, a mobilization and coalesced efforts of such a scale holds promise for tackling this burden.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Sep 2022
American football position-specific neurometabolic changes in high school athletes - a magnetic resonance spectroscopic study.
Reports estimate between 1.6-3.8 million sports-related concussions occur annually, with 30% occurring in youth male American football athletes. Many studies report neurophysiological changes in these athletes, but the exact reasons for these changes remain elusive. Investigation of injury mechanics highlights a need to address how player position might impact these changes. ⋯ The majority of regression results involved DLPFC metabolites in linemen, where metabolite levels were higher from Pre to Post, with increasing HAE load. Comparisons with control athletes revealed higher metabolite levels in football athletes both before and after the season. This study highlights the importance of player position when conducting analyses on American football athletes and demonstrates elevated DLPFC and M1 brain metabolites in football athletes compared with control athletes at both Pre and Post, suggesting potential HAE-related neurocompensatory mechanisms.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Sep 2022
Intracranial pressure after closure of dura predicts decompressive craniectomy in patients with head trauma.
This study aimed to address the risk factors of second decompressive craniectomy (DC) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) who initially underwent mass lesion evacuation, but no primary DC. Patients were enrolled if they had had a hospital visit to Xiangya Hospital, Central South University with acute closed TBI from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2019 and had undergone craniotomic mass lesion evacuation. Sociodemographic information, computed tomography (CT) information, clinical profiles, and surgical information were obtained from an electronic database. ⋯ Binary logistical regression indicated that ICP after dura closure was an independent predictor of second DC (odds ratio [OR] = 1.317, p = 0.011). A model using ICP after dura closure alone had an area under the curve value of 0.757 in its receiver operating characteristic curve. An ICP >10.5 mm Hg after closure of dura for the prediction of a second DC had a sensitivity of 56.3% and a specificity of 92.6%.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Sep 2022
Photosensitivity Is Associated with Chronic Pain following Traumatic Brain Injury.
Individuals with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI) report increased rates of chronic pain. Photosensitivity is also a common chronic symptom following TBI and is prevalent among other types of chronic pain. The aim of this study was to better understand the relationship between chronic pain, pain-related disability, and photosensitivity in a TBI population. ⋯ Additionally, s-TBI participants were more sensitive to light (lower VPT, p < 0.001), and VPT was correlated with SIQR scores across all participants (R = -0.452, p < 0.001). These data demonstrate that photosensitivity is associated with self-reported chronic pain and disability in individuals with chronic TBI symptomatology. Photosensitivity could therefore serve as a simple, more highly quantitative marker of high-impact chronic pain after TBI.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Sep 2022
Interleukin-4 reduces lesion volume and improves neurological function in the acute phase after experimental traumatic brain injury in mice.
Little is known about the impact of interleukin-4 (IL-4) on secondary brain damage in the acute phase after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). Therefore, we evaluated the effect of IL-4-Knockout (IL-4-KO) on structural damage, as well as functional impairment, in the acute phase after experimental TBI in mice. A total of 28 C57Bl/6 wildtype and 20 C57BL/6-Il4tm1Nnt/J IL-4-KO mice were subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI). ⋯ Gait impairment was significantly more pronounced in IL-4-KO mice throughout the first week after CCI (e.g., 0.07 ± 0.01 sec vs. 0.00 ± 0.01 sec, p = 0.047 for right hindpaw Swing on D1; -1.76 ± 1.34 U vs. 2.53 ± 0.90 U, p = 0.01 for right forepaw mean intensity on D3; -0.01 ± 0.01 cm2 vs. 0.05 ± 0.01 cm2, p = 0.015 for left forepaw mean area on D7). In conclusion, IL-4 reduces structural damage and improves functional outcome in the acute phase after CCI. Neurobehavioral outcome assessment in IL-4-related studies should focus on motor function on the first 3 days after trauma induction.