Articles: traumatic-brain-injuries.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Feb 2017
Glibenclamide attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption in adult mice following traumatic brain injury.
Glibenclamide is a hypoglycemic drug that is widely used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM II), but it also plays a protective role following injury to the central nervous system (CNS). However, the precise mechanisms underlying its neuroprotective actions remain to be elucidated. Therefore, the present study evaluated the effects of glibenclamide on the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). ⋯ Glibenclamide primarily attenuated apoptosis via the JNK/c-jun signaling pathway and resulted in an elevation of stretch injury-induced ZO-1 expression in bEnd.3 cells (p < 0.01). Glibenclamide downregulated the activity of the JNK/c-jun apoptosis-signaling pathway which, in turn, decreased apoptosis in endothelial cells (ECs). This may have prevented the disruption of the BBB in a mouse model of TBI.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Feb 2017
Disrupted white matter microstructure and mood disorders following traumatic brain injury.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with an elevated frequency of mood disorders that may, in part, be explained by changes in white-matter microstructure. This study is the first to examine the relationship between mood disorders and white-matter pathology in a sample of patients with mild to severe TBI using a standardized psychiatric interview. This study reports on a sub-sample of 29 individuals recruited from a large prospective study that examined the evolution of psychiatric disorders following complicated, mild to severe TBI. ⋯ The pattern of white matter disruption identified in the current study provides further support for a neurobiological basis of post-TBI mood disorders. Greater understanding of individuals' underlying neuropathology may enable better characterization and prediction of mood disorders. Integration of neuropathology may also inform the potential efficacy of pharmacological and psychological interventions.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Feb 2017
Brain structure and function associated with a history of sport concussion: a multi-modal MRI study.
There is growing concern about the potential long-term consequences of sport concussion for young, currently active athletes. However, there remains limited information about brain abnormalities associated with a history of concussion and how they relate to clinical factors. In this study, advanced MRI was used to comprehensively describe abnormalities in brain structure and function associated with a history of sport concussion. ⋯ White matter showed limited correlations with clinical factors, predominantly in the anterior corona radiata. This study provides the first evidence of the long-term effects of concussion on gray matter volume, blood flow, and white matter microstructure within a single athlete cohort. This was examined for a mixture of male and female athletes in both contact and noncontact sports, demonstrating the relevance of these findings for the overall sporting community.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Feb 2017
Apolipoprotein E Mimetic Peptide Increases Cerebral Glucose Uptake by Relieving Blood Brain Barrier Disruption Following Controlled Cortical Impact in Mice: An 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT Study.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) disrupts the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reduces cerebral glucose uptake. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is believed to play a key role in TBI, and COG1410 has demonstrated neuroprotective activity in several models of TBI. However, the effects of COG1410 on VEGF and glucose metabolism following TBI are unknown. ⋯ The results showed that controlled cortical impact (CCI)-induced vestibulomotor deficits were accompanied by increases in brain edema and the expression of VEGF, with a decrease in cerebral glucose uptake. COG1410 treatment significantly improved vestibulomotor deficits and glucose uptake and produced decreases in VEGF in the pericontusion and ipsilateral hemisphere of injury, as well as in brain edema and neuronal degeneration compared with the control group. These data support that COG1410 may have potential as an effective drug therapy for TBI.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Feb 2017
Neuropsychiatric symptom modeling in male and female C57BL/6J mice following experimental traumatic brain injury.
Psychiatric symptoms such as anxiety and depression are frequent and persistent complaints following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Modeling these symptoms in animal models of TBI affords the opportunity to determine mechanisms underlying behavioral pathologies and to test potential therapeutic agents. However, testing these symptoms in animal models of TBI has yielded inconsistent results. ⋯ Increased levels of activity were also measured in female mice and injured mice in these tests, and conclusions regarding anxiety should be taken with caution when experimental manipulations induce changes in baseline activity. These results underscore the irreconcilability of results from studies attempting to model TBI-induced neuropsychiatric symptoms. Changes in injury models or better attempts to replicate the clinical syndrome may improve the translational applicability of rodent models of TBI-induced anxiety and depression.