Articles: disease.
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a long-recognized complication of cardiac surgery. It is a commonly encountered clinical syndrome that, in its most severe form, increases the odds of operative mortality three to eight-fold. The pathogenesis of cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is complex. No single intervention is likely to provide a panacea, and thus, the purpose of this review is to assess the wide breadth of emerging research into potential strategies to prevent, diagnose, and treat CSA-AKI. ⋯ Although there has been much high-quality research conducted in this field in recent years, preventing CSA-AKI by avoiding renal insults remains the mainstay of management. Although biomarkers have the potential to diagnose CSA-AKI at an earlier stage, efficacious interventions to treat established CSA-AKI remain elusive.
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Feb 2015
Review Case ReportsPreoperative evaluation of the patient with lung cancer being considered for lung resection.
This review summarizes the general approach to evaluating the cardiopulmonary fitness of a patient with lung cancer being considered for lung resection. Many patients have a high risk for morbidity and mortality from lung resection owing to severe comorbidities or low cardiopulmonary reserve. A comprehensive and individualized assessment is essential to identify the factors that may impact operative outcome. ⋯ Preoperative assessment requires an understanding of the relative benefits and harms of available treatment options and consideration of patients' values. A balance between the potential to cure one's cancer and the short-term and long-term risks of the selected treatment needs to be reached. All patients should have a baseline FEV(1) and DL(CO) measured, and predicted postoperative FEV(1) and DL(CO) calculated to assist with risk prediction. Measures of exercise performance can help to further risk stratify patients. Means of modifying the risks should be considered for all patients.
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Rev Chilena Infectol · Feb 2015
Case Reports[Pott's disease and immunological diagnosis of tuberculosis, about a pediatric clinical case].
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major health problem in the world. The clinical forms of TB in children are variable, pulmonary involvement occurs in two thirds of cases. In the remaining third, clinical forms incluye node, meningeal and osteoarticular involvement. ⋯ 7 year old boy with a history of an osteolytic lesion of the right ischial branch. Three months later he presented with spondylodiscitis at L2-L3, associated with a large abscess in the right iliac psoas muscle. Pott's disease was suspected, and tuberculin test and T-SPOT®.TB test were performed, with a positive result. Antimicrobial treatment was initiated with isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol. After 30 days, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was isolated from psoas abscess. We discuss methods of TB diagnosis, with special emphasis on immunological methods: tuberculin test and interferon-gamma release assays. Methods of immunological TB diagnosis are an important contribution to the diagnosis of this disease, allowing early initiation of treatment.
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Bull. World Health Organ. · Feb 2015
ReviewThe effectiveness of interventions to reduce the household economic burden of illness and injury: a systematic review.
To determine the nature, scope and effectiveness of interventions to reduce the household economic burden of illness or injury. ⋯ In general, interventions designed to reduce the complex household economic burden of illness and injury appear to have had little impact on household economies. We only found a few relevant studies using rigorous study designs that were conducted in defined patient populations. The studies were limited in the range of interventions tested and they evaluated only a narrow range of household economic outcomes. There is a need for method development to advance the measurement of the household economic consequences of illness and injury and facilitate the development of innovative interventions to supplement the strategies based on health insurance.