Articles: disease.
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The Biopsychosocial Model aims to integrate the biological, psychological and social components of illness, but integration is difficult in practice, particularly when patients consult with medically unexplained physical symptoms or functional illness. ⋯ We propose a classification of illness that includes orthogonal dimensions of pathology and dysfunction to support a broadly based clinical approach to patients; adoption of which may lead to fewer inappropriate investigations and secondary care referrals and greater use of cognitive behavioural techniques, particularly when managing functional illness.
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In India, health services are funded largely through out-of-pocket spendings (OOPS). We carried out this study to collect data on the cost of an illness episode and parameters affecting cost in five locations in India. ⋯ Interventions to reduce the cost of illness should be context-specific, as there is no "one-size-fits-all" model to establish the cost of healthcare for the entire sub-continent. Aggregated expenses, rather than only hospitalizations, can cause catastrophic consequences of illness.
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To examine whether there is a gender-dependent risk profile for signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in a population-based sample. ⋯ Except for some general health conditions and bruxism, the hypothesis of a gender-dependent risk profile for signs of TMD is partly supported. The results of this study indicate that TMD is a complex disorder associated with mixed etiologic factors between genders.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Jan 2008
Supplemental plant sterols and stanols for serum cholesterol and cardiovascular disease.
This is the protocol for a review and there is no abstract. The objectives are as follows: To determine the effects of phytosterols, phytostanols or their esters, ingested in supplemented foods, on blood cholesterol concentrations and cardiovascular disease;To look for adverse effects e.g. on nutritional status or physiological function;To study/comment on, possible effects of cost.