Articles: disease.
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Comparative Study
Tuberculosis chemotherapy and sputum conversion among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative patients in south-eastern Uganda.
To investigate if there is a difference in response to tuberculosis treatment between HIV seronegative and HIV seropositive patients following two months of intensive phase tuberculosis treatment. ⋯ This study demonstrates that HIV-seropositive status is not a principal factor in delaying sputum conversion among patients receiving intensive phase tuberculosis treatment.
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As stated by the Committee on Adolescence of the AAP, All pediatricians who choose to see teenagers should be able to provide counseling about sexual behavior, education on contraceptive methods and prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, and assistance with access to family planning services, preferably in the office or, if necessary, by referral. Expansion of skills and office capabilities to provide routine reproductive health care for adolescents, including pelvic examinations, annual Pap tests, diagnoses of pregnancy, diagnoses and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases, and the prescription of contraceptives, is also encouraged. Pediatricians who have longstanding relationships with their patients, and who are admired and trusted are ideal for providing this care.
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · Jun 1999
Smoking and use of oral contraceptives: impact on thrombotic diseases.
The study was intended to evaluate the effects of oral contraceptives and smoking on the risks of arterial and venous thromboembolic diseases among young women. ⋯ Among the formulations currently marketed in Denmark, where only the progestins desogestrel and gestodene are available with low-dose (20 micrograms) ethinyl estradiol (and only desogestrel was available in that form at the time of our studies), we prefer these third-generation oral contraceptives for smokers. We might also consider such oral contraceptives for women >35 years old as long as they had no other risk factors for thrombotic arterial diseases.
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Pediatric pulmonology · May 1999
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialComparative trial of artificial and natural surfactants in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome of prematurity: experiences in a developing country.
We conducted a randomized clinical trial to compare the effects of a synthetic (Exosurf) and natural (Survanta) surfactant in infants with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome. Eighty-nine patients were randomly allocated to receive one of the two surfactants. Primary outcome variables were the acute and long-term effects of the surfactant preparations, i.e., ventilatory requirements at 24 h of age as judged by the oxygenation index (OI), and the combined incidence of chronic lung disease or death at 28 days. ⋯ The long-term outcome as judged by the combined incidence of death or chronic lung disease was not different in the two groups (18.6% Exosurf vs. 15.2% Survanta; P > 0.05). When the complications of prematurity were compared, there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups. We conclude that both preparations are reasonable choices for the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome of prematurity.