Articles: disease.
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Br J Obstet Gynaecol · Sep 1998
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialA randomised placebo controlled trial of oral misoprostol in the third stage of labour.
To compare oral misoprostol 400 microg with placebo in the routine management of the third stage of labour. ⋯ Shivering has been shown in this study to be a specific side effect of misoprostol administered orally in the puerperium. No serious side effects were noted. Misoprostol shows promise as a method of preventing postpartum haemorrhage. Because of the potential benefits for childbearing women, particularly those in developing countries, further research to determine its effects with greater certainty should be expedited.
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J. Acquir. Immune Defic. Syndr. Hum. Retrovirol. · Sep 1998
A study of sexual behavior among rural residents of China.
Although the recent spread of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in China has been associated with sexual activities, little information has been available about sexual behavior in rural areas with high HIV prevalence. Studies identifying high-risk sexual behaviors are needed to formulate effective prevention programs. ⋯ Sexual norms in rural China are changing rapidly and high-risk sexual behavior among young rural residents is increasing. Strategies to prevent HIV/AIDS should include education to promote delayed onset of sexual activity, safer sexual behavior, and condom use.
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Study 1 evaluated whether pregnancy is a stressful life event for teenagers and is associated with depression for teenagers with a pessimistic attributional style but not for those with an optimistic attributional style. Study 2 replicated unexpected findings from study 1. Study 3 evaluated whether pregnant teenagers with a pessimistic attributional style will be more depressed after childbirth than optimistic pregnant teenagers. ⋯ Pregnancy may serve to protect pessimistic teenagers from experiencing depression. The subsequent demands of motherhood may remove any protection from depression afforded by the pregnancy. The experience of depression being relieved by another pregnancy may be a previously unidentified risk factor for repeated pregnancies in teenagers.
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J Diarrhoeal Dis Res · Sep 1998
Diarrhoea in children of Nigerian market women: prevalence, knowledge of causes, and management.
A cross-sectional survey was carried out among mothers of children aged less than five years in two markets in Ibadan, one with poor environmental sanitation and the other clean and well maintained. The study took place between September 1996 and March 1997. The questionnaire used for this survey sought information about the occurrence of diarrhoea among children aged less than five years, their mothers' knowledge about the management of diarrhoea and their practices, including care-seeking practices, and the use of oral rehydration solutions. ⋯ When their children had diarrhoea, 44% (Bodija) and 40% (Gbagi) of the mothers attended health centres, 33% (Bodija) and 32% (Gbagi) gave ORT at home, and 12% (Bodija) and 19% (Gbagi) purchased drugs at a chemist. The study further showed that, while only one-third of all respondents resorted to home-treatment of diarrhoea with ORS, more than 80% of them knew the components and composition of ORS solution. There is a need to continue to encourage mothers to use ORS and, thus, bridge the knowledge-practice gap in mothers' management of diarrhoea at home.