Articles: disease.
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During the critical period of infancy, breastfeeding and weaning practices play an important role in determining the growth of an infant. The present study investigates the issue by observing 225 infants from Low Socio Economic (LSE) class (n = 150) and High Socio Economic (HSE) class (n = 75) for weight, height, and feeding practices. ⋯ However, the proportion of malnourished children in the LSE class for partially breastfed (BF + AF) group was comparable with exclusively breastfed (BF) group and was significantly lower (p < 0.01) than AF group indicating protective effect of partial breastfeeding against risks of contamination associated with weaning foods in such communities: The real bottleneck thus appears to be the lack of knowledge of handling and giving weaning foods in adequate quantities. Educating mothers appears to be the meaningful solution for improving the nutritional status of infants in poor communities.
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Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. · Nov 1992
Expanded programme on immunization (EPI). Safety of high titre measles vaccines.
Unexpected results suggesting decreased survival when compared with standard titre vaccine administered at 9 months of age have been found in some field studies evaluating the performance of high titre measles vaccine. Analytical difficulties have arisen because the studies were not specifically designed to measure survival. Nonetheless, careful analysis of the results from all of the high titre vaccine trials showed decreased survival of high titre vaccine recipients, in areas with high background mortality rates, compared with recipients of standard measles vaccines at 9 months. ⋯ The panel recommended that high titre measles vaccine derived from the original Edmonston measles vaccine isolate should no longer be recommended for use in immunization programmes. Further post-licensure field studies of new measles vaccines should take into account the results of these studies. Additional detailed epidemiological studies in populations that have received high titre vaccines and their controls were encouraged.
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · Nov 1992
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialChanges in coagulation and anticoagulation in women taking low-dose triphasic oral contraceptives: a controlled comparative 12-month clinical trial.
The effects of two triphasic oral contraceptives on coagulation and anticoagulation factors were compared in a 12-month open-label study. ⋯ Levonorgestrel plus ethinyl estradiol and norethindrone plus ethinyl estradiol had equivalent, minimal effects on hemostasis, and changes in coagulation factors appeared to be balanced by changes in anticoagulation factors.
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Four hundred and sixty-five college women were evaluated to determine if specific variables of social and sexual behavior correlated with the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in the genital tract, and if these associations differed between women who were HPV DNA positive, HPV DNA positive/clinically (cytologically) negative, or who reported previous HPV-related disease by a history of an abnormal Papanicolaou (Pap) smear or genital warts. HPV positive women had more sexual partners in the recent past, more sexual episodes per month, and used spermacides less commonly than controls. ⋯ Alcohol use was significantly more frequent in all groups, underscoring this variable as a risk factor for both HPV DNA positivity and related disease in young women. Potential explanations for differences between women with clinically and non-clinically related HPV positivity are discussed, with emphasis on the need for followup studies to determine if an epidemiologically distinct subset of HPV DNA positive but clinically negative women are at risk for subsequent cervical disease.