Articles: disease.
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Fertility and sterility · Jun 1992
Review Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialWas the Dalkon Shield a safe and effective intrauterine device? The conflict between case-control and clinical trial study findings.
To compare the findings of the case-control and cohort studies used to indict the Dalkon Shield (A.H. Robins Company, Inc., Richmond, VA) with the findings of the Dalkon Shield clinical trials. ⋯ This study offers convincing evidence that the indictment of the Dalkon Shield was a mistake. Additionally, this study shows that physician skill and experience is far more important to successful IUD insertion than previously recognized, a finding with considerable implications for IUD study designs and for marketing strategies.
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In Brazil, until 1990, the authorities could legally arrest a child found alone in the streets, and put them in prison-like institutions. Their crime? To be poor, usually black and living on the streets. The Brazilian Center for the Defense of the Rights of Children and Adolescents (SOS Crianca) was set up a few years ago with the aim of changing this legislation. ⋯ How many young people does SOS Crianca reach? The answer is not only to do with the numbers seeking health care, but also how many clinic doors are open to them. More and more young people, not just those living on the streets where SOS Crianca works, but others in poor communities, are using the service. It is called "Health Maloca," because the children call their makeshift homes--shelters made of cardboard and newspaper--"malocas." The name also symbolizes that these young people need to find their own ways of taking more control over their bodies and lives.
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Two surveys of a Northern Ireland student sample were conducted in 1987 and 1988. A total of 419 female and 201 male subjects completed self-administered anonymous questionnaires concerning their behavior, knowledge, and attitudes towards sex, AIDS, homosexuality, contraception, and relationships. Results indicated a relatively low level of sexual experience, and for those with experience, relatively few partners. ⋯ Attitudes towards contraception were more positive than expected among Catholic subjects, and few indicated that they would refuse to use contraceptives on principle. Responses to items about AIDS were highly uniform, suggesting that much of the information made available to the public has been absorbed. However, the lack of uniformity of response to more general items about sex, relationships, and contraception may indicate that fundamental changes in sexual behavior are unlikely to be brought about by influencing a rather narrowly defined set of attitudes about AIDS.