Articles: disease.
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Hunger and malnutrition in Africa have been on the increase since 1960's reaching a climax in the 1980's when over 150 million people were affected by one form or another. Methods so far used to solve the problem do not seem to succeed, but the scientists and leaders in Africa could now take the opportunity to consider and act on the problem in their own way. The formation of an African food and nutrition group to work with others on the problems, could give an impetus to this kind of initiative. A call is made to all African food and nutrition workers to combine efforts to harness Africa resources, which have not been fully utilized in solving the problem.
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Practice Guideline Guideline
Famine-affected, refugee, and displaced populations: recommendations for public health issues.
During the past three decades, the most common emergencies affecting the health of large populations in developing countries have involved famine and forced migrations. The public health consequences of mass population displacement have been extensively documented. On some occasions, these migrations have resulted in extremely high rates of mortality, morbidity, and malnutrition. ⋯ More recent relief programs, however, emphasize a primary health care (PHC) approach, focusing on preventive programs such as immunization and oral rehydration therapy (ORT), promoting involvement by the refugee community in the provision of health services, and stressing more effective coordination and information gathering. The PHC approach offers long-term advantages, not only for the directly affected population, but also for the country hosting the refugees. A PHC strategy is sustainable and strengthens the national health development program.
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Surg Gynecol Obstet · Jul 1992
A study of cholelithiasis during pregnancy and its relationship with age, parity, menarche, breast-feeding, dysmenorrhea, oral contraception and a maternal history of cholelithiasis.
We prospectively studied 512 consecutive women attending the antenatal clinic of the Rotunda Hospital of Dublin, Ireland, to assess the prevalence of gallstones among them and to describe the characteristics of those women found to be gallstone-positive (group 1), compared with the negative-control population (group 2). Real-time ultrasound scanning of the pelvic area was extended to the upper part of the abdomen. Cholelithiasis was detected in 23 patients. ⋯ Also, early pregnancies, age at menarche and oral contraception did not have any significant difference between the two groups. However, we recorded a significantly higher prevalence of cholelithiasis in older women and in patients with dysmenorrhea. A positive trend was found in patients who had a history of previous breast-feeding and in women with a positive maternal history of symptomatic gallstones.
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Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. · Jul 1992
ReviewEthically justified guidelines for family planning interventions to prevent pregnancy in female patients with chronic mental illness.
This article proposes ethically justified clinical guidelines for family planning interventions to prevent pregnancy in female patients. ⋯ Three sets of guidelines for three groups of patients, representing the continuum of chronically and variably impaired autonomy, are proposed: (1) a set of guidelines for patients who can achieve thresholds of autonomy, (2) a set of guidelines for patients irreversibly near thresholds of autonomy, and (3) a set of guidelines for patients irreversibly below thresholds of autonomy. These guidelines should contribute significantly to the quality of obstetric and gynecologic care for female patients with chronic mental illness.