Articles: disease.
-
Comparative Study
Recent sexually transmitted disease prevention efforts and their implications for AIDS health education.
In the absence of a cure or vaccine for acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) educational and social marketing efforts to reduce the transmission of Human T-lymphotropic type III/lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) are currently our best hope for controlling the disease. Since 1983, the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) has funded a series of research studies to determine whether education efforts can successfully motivate the adoption of key behaviors relevant to the control of a variety of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Analysis of the first two studies which are now completed, and preliminary data from a third study, have documented dramatic changes in behavior, knowledge, and attitudes among clients in inner-city public health clinics. The authors describe the principles and underlying assumptions that have guided the design of their STD initiatives, drawing special attention to the implications for AIDS health education efforts.
-
Progress towards the objective of the World Food Conference of 1974 that "no child should go to bed hungry" is reviewed. The low market price of primary products keeps developing countries poor. Yet in these countries industry rather than agriculture has been supported by governments. ⋯ In some areas there is decrease in food production per head of population. In many countries the social situation of women affects the nutrition of families. Other causes of malnutrition are discussed and future policies are recommended.
-
Case Reports
Vasitis nodosa and spermatic granuloma of the skin: an histologic study of a rare complication of vasectomy.
A 29-year-old man noticed localized painful swelling of the scrotal skin after elective vasectomy. The lesion was excised and its histologic examination revealed a diffuse inflammatory, partly granulomatous infiltrate with numerous tubular structures in the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. ⋯ The inflammatory infiltrate consisted of lymphocytes, plasma cells and histiocytes, but also contained spermatozoa and a few spermatic granulomas. These changes were the sequelae of a vasocutaneous adhesion and fistula; the ductules were the result of epithelial regeneration from the vas deferens and the inflammation with spermatic granulomas was due to extravasated spermatozoa.
-
Trop. Med. Parasitol. · Dec 1985
Comparative StudyControl of deaths from diarrheal disease in rural communities. I. Design of an intervention study and effects on child mortality.
From May through October 1980, the "Strengthening Rural Health Delivery" project (SRHD) under the Rural Health Department of the Ministry of Health of Egypt had conducted an investigation into prevention of child mortality from diarrheal disease through testing various modules of Oral Rehydration Therapy delivery mechanisms. In a six-cell design counting a total of almost 29,000 children, ORT was provided both as hypotonic sucrose/salt solution prepared and administered by mothers and normotonic, balanced electrolyte solution in the hands of both mothers and health care providers and the effects on child mortality during the peak season of diarrheal incidence were measured. ⋯ A cost-benefit analysis was performed on the cost of the services as well as on the outcome for each of five study cells using the sixth, the control, as reference. Results showed that early rehydration with a sucrose/salt solution in the hands of mothers, backed by balanced oral rehydration solution in the hands of health care providers proved the most cost-effective means of reducing diarrhea-specific mortality as well as being as safe as prepackaged commercial preparations.