Articles: disease.
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Reports from developed countries world wide describing the outcome for infants of very low birthweight (VLBW, less than or equal to 1500 g) born since 1946 show that, in general, mortality rates and the prevalence of major handicap in survivors were high until 1960. Since then the chances of healthy survival have trebled, whereas the handicap-rate has remained stable and relatively low at 6--8% of VLBW live births.
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In 1976 a programme which integrated nutritional, health, and educational services for children, mothers, and pregnant women was set up in India, and these services were delivered to the local people mainly through members of their own community. After 21 months the programme achieved improvements in nutritional status of the children that were not attained by decades of many other separate nutritional, health, and educational programmes. ⋯ The programme was first implemented in 33 communities (blocks). Because of its success its gradually being extended to other blocks.
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Br J Obstet Gynaecol · Mar 1981
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialVaginal bleeding disturbances associated with the discontinuation of long-acting injectable contraceptives. From the World Health Organization Special Programme for Research, Development, and Research Training in Human Reproduction; Task Force on Long-acting Systemic Agents for the Regulation of Fertility.
A randomized comparative trial of 832 women receiving norethisterone oenanthate (NET-OEN) and 846 women receiving depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injections at 12 week intervals was conducted in 10 centers. The pregnancy rate with NET-OEN was significantly higher than with DMPA. ⋯ Bleeding for more than 30 days during an injection interval and complete amenorrhoea for a whole injection interval were jointly associated with 43.7% of all terminations among NET-OEN users and 64.5% of all terminations among DMPA users. In future efforts to improve the acceptability of long-acting injectable contraceptives, more attention should be given to the control of prolonged amenorrhoea and prolonged bleeding.
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The pediatrician's role in teenage pregnancy is multifaceted. The problem is a sociologic phenomenon with medical consequences. The pregnant teenager actually represents three patients: the mother, the baby, and the adolescent herself. ⋯ Pediatricians should work to gain acceptance of laws modeled after the American Academy of Pediatrics' health care for minors policy. Lastly, support services to promote proper parenthood and establishment of families can be developed with pediatric input. The entire problem must be viewed in the context of current social patterns, an understanding of adolescent development, the significance of peer pressures, and the biological changes that make it possible for children to bear children.