Articles: disease.
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Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hereditary blood disorder characterized by the production of abnormal hemoglobin molecules that cause red blood cells to take on a crescent or sickle shape. This condition affects millions of people worldwide, particularly those of African, Mediterranean, Middle Eastern, and South Asian descent. This paper aims to provide an overview of SCD by exploring its causes, symptoms, and available treatment options. ⋯ Additionally, bone marrow or stem cell transplants can cure select individuals with severe SCD. Finally, understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for SCD is crucial for healthcare professionals, patients, and their families. It enables early diagnosis, effective symptom management, and improved quality of life for individuals with this chronic condition.
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Glioma is a complex tumor composed of both neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells, including tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs), and each cell type contributes to tumor formation and malignant progression. Among TILs, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are of great importance and play a key role in the immune response to cancer. In this study, 22 types of adaptive and innate TILs were evaluated in gliomas. ⋯ Finally, the prognosis and diagnostic value of TAMs were revealed using Kaplan-Meier analysis. We identified the optimal cutoff point of TAMs at an infiltrating level of 0.47 to predict patient prognosis, with a median overall survival of 448 days in patients with higher TAM infiltration levels and 2660 days in patients with lower TAM infiltration levels. These findings provide a new idea for glioma to regulate tumor-specific immunity, clarify the potential effects of TAMs on disease pathology, and provide a theoretical basis for immune intervention treatment of gliomas.
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The severe respiratory syndrome 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has spread explosively, raising global health concerns. Luteolin shows antiviral properties, but its effect on SARS-CoV-2 and the associated mechanisms are not elucidated. We used network pharmacology, molecular docking and molecular dynamics to provide potential molecular support of luteolin (3,4,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone) (LUT) against COVID-19. ⋯ A total of 64 potential target genes for treating COVID-19 were identified, of which albumin, RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase, caspase-3, epidermal growth factor receptor, heat shock protein HSP 90-alpha, and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 might be the most promising. In addition, molecular docking results showed that LUT could interact with SARS-CoV-2 major protease 3CL. LUT can bind to the active sites of 3CL protease and mitogen-activated protein kinase 1, showing an anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential.
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Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are among the most prescribed and widely used medications; however, the long-term effects of these medications are only beginning to be investigated. Since the introduction of omeprazole in 1989, PPIs have become the first-choice treatment for esophagitis, peptic ulcer disease, Zoster-Ellison syndrome, dyspepsia, and the prevention of ulcers with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Recent studies have specifically examined the rise in celiac disease (CD) in this context. ⋯ Recent studies have suggested that the rise in CD could be attributed to changes in the gut microbiome, highlighting the significant role that gut microbiota is proposed to play in CD pathogenesis. Although PPI therapy is helpful in reducing acid production in gastroesophageal disorders, additional information is needed to determine whether PPIs are still an appropriate treatment option with the possibility of developing CD in the future, particularly in the context of HLA-DQ2 and HLA-DQ8 predispositions. This review emphasizes the importance of personalized medicine for individuals with gastroesophageal disorders that require long-term use of PPIs.
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Transdermal tulobuterol, a long-acting beta agonist in a transdermal form, is available in some countries, including Japan, Korea, and China. It may provide an alternative treatment option for the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in patients who are unable to effectively use inhalers, such as those with acute stroke. This study examined the short-term outcomes of transdermal tulobuterol in patients hospitalized with acute stroke and underlying COPD. ⋯ Transdermal tulobuterol was not associated with improving short-term outcomes in patients with acute stroke and underlying COPD. Our study does not support the routine use of transdermal tulobuterol in this patient group. However, further research investigating the long-term efficacy of transdermal tulobuterol in patients with stroke and underlying COPD could help establish its role for the management of these patients.