Articles: disease.
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Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening disorder characterised by rapid deterioration of liver function, coagulopathy, and hepatic encephalopathy in the absence of pre-existing liver disease. The cause of ALF varies across the world. Common causes of ALF in adults include drug toxicity, hepatotropic and non-hepatotropic viruses, herbal and dietary supplements, antituberculosis drugs, and autoimmune hepatitis. ⋯ Sepsis with multiorgan failure and cerebral oedema remain the leading causes of death in patients with ALF and early identification and appropriate management can alter the course of ALF. Liver transplantation is the best current therapy, although the role of artificial liver support systems, particularly therapeutic plasma exchange, can be useful for patients with ALF, especially in non-transplant centres. In this Seminar, we discuss the cause, prognostic models, and management of ALF.
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Approximately 15 000 people receive a diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in Germany each year; in 20-30% of cases, metastatic RCC (mRCC) is already present at the time of diagnosis. This disease in the metastatic stage is still mainly treated palliatively, yet the multimodal therapeutic landscape has changed markedly over the past 15 years, with the approval of many new treatments for patients with mRCC. ⋯ Optimal individualized decisions require a high level of expertise and the collabo - ration of a multidisciplinary tumor board. Older prognostic parameters currently play a leading role in decision-making, while predictive parameters and molecular markers are not yet adequately validated.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Comparative Study
Ivonescimab Plus Chemotherapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With EGFR Variant: A Randomized Clinical Trial.
For patients with non-small cell lung cancer whose disease progressed while receiving EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) therapy, particularly third-generation TKIs, optimal treatment options remain limited. ⋯ Ivonescimab plus chemotherapy significantly improved progression-free survival with tolerable safety profile in TKI-treated non-small cell lung cancer.