Articles: patients.
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The literature on the appropriate dose of local anaesthetic and combinations with opioids for spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section in patients without comorbid conditions is reviewed. The controversial issue of spinal anaesthesia in severe preeclampsia is also addressed. ⋯ Low-dose spinal anaesthesia has been advocated in the interests of improving cardiovascular stability. However, current sophistication of knowledge concerning spinal anaesthetic technique makes cardiovascular instability easy to prevent. Therefore this review emphasizes the importance of adequate surgical anaesthesia during caesarean section, and makes suggestions as to the optimal pharmacological agents for intraoperative anaesthesia and postoperative analgesia. Spinal anaesthesia is safe in severe preeclampsia, provided there are no contraindications to regional anaesthesia.
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Aug 2004
Morbidity and mortality related to anaesthesia outside the operating room.
The purpose of this review is to provide information related to morbidity and mortality associated with anaesthesia outside the operating room. ⋯ There is certainly a need for studies concerning morbidity and mortality at remote location anaesthesia. Special care for the prevention of hypothermia should be given to those patients undergoing long-lasting diagnostic procedures, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging scans or cardiological investigations.
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Intensive care medicine · Aug 2004
Comparative StudyPsychiatric outcome following paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission: a cohort study.
To determine whether paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission is associated with greater psychiatric morbidity in children and parents as compared with general paediatric ward admissions. ⋯ Post traumatic stress disorder diagnosis and symptomatology is significantly more common in families where a child has been admitted to the PICU. Consideration should be given to providing psychological support for children and parents after PICU admission.
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: Sjögren's syndrome is characterized by the presence of xerostomia and/or xerophthalmia. Pilocarpine, a muscarinic cholinergic agonist, has been proven to be efficacious in treating radiation-induced xerostomia (up to 30 mg/day) and symptoms of dry mouth in Sjögren's patients (up to 20 mg/day). ⋯ : Significant relief in dry mouth symptoms was noted at 20 mg/day, and significant relief in ocular symptoms, including lower artificial tear requirement, was noted after the dose was increased to 30 mg/day.