Articles: patients.
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The purpose of this study was to develop expert-based guidelines for a medical student curriculum on chronic pain evaluation and management in older adults. ⋯ We have developed curriculum content guidelines for educating medical students about the evaluation and management of chronic pain in older adults. Once curricula are developed, their efficacy, in particular their influence on patient outcomes, must be evaluated.
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To review patients managed in an intensive care unit diagnosed with dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction without hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. ⋯ Dynamic left ventricular outflow tract obstruction without hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is not an uncommon cause of hypotension resistant to catecholamines in critically ill patients. The diagnosis is important because management which includes fluid loading, vasopressors and reducing catecholamine infusions, differs from the management of other causes of shock.
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Cognitive neuropsychology · Sep 2002
Sequential and parallel letter processing in letter-by-letter dyslexia.
Four experiments are reported that focus on the issue of sequential vs. parallel letter processing in letter-by-letter (LBL) dyslexia; these were conducted on patient IH. Expt. 1 showed a large linear reduction of word naming times with an increase in the number of orthographic neighbours of the target (i.e., words of the same length differing by just one letter; N size). Given the large negative linear correlation existing between word length and N size, this result raises the possibility that the large word length effect diagnostic of LBL dyslexia may be, in fact, an artefact of uncontrolled N size. ⋯ Finally, Expt. 4 showed that the facilitatory effect of N size is prevented with high letter-confusability targets. These observations suggest that LBL dyslexia rests on an impairment of letter encoding that results in an excessive level of background noise in the activation of lexical-orthographic representations when letters are processed in parallel. This prevents overt identification of the target and forces sequential letter processing in order to achieve this goal.
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Curr Opin Anaesthesiol · Aug 2002
Magnetic resonance imaging anesthesia: new challenges and techniques.
The increasing use of magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic modality has led to increased demand for sedation and monitoring during the procedure. This review is to acquaint the reader with the most recent developments in magnetic resonance imaging diagnostics and to describe the evolving techniques and strategies for patient management. ⋯ Anesthesia and sedation during magnetic resonance imaging have a unique set of constraints. However, most of the standards of modern, safe anesthetic care can be met in this environment. The growing experience at many hospitals has demonstrated that a wide range of patients can receive safe care during magnetic resonance imaging.