Articles: postoperative-pain.
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Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. · Oct 1982
Comparative StudyAnalgesic effects of oral nalbuphine and codeine in patients with postoperative pain.
Efficacy and safety of oral nalbuphine in doses of 15 and 45 mg were compared with those of the standard oral analgesic codeine in single doses of 30 and 90 mg in 153 patients with acute postoperative pain; data on 20 more patients were excluded because they received potentially interfering medications. All patients had pain ranging from moderate to severe in intensity and most had severe pain related to orthopedic procedures or trauma. ⋯ The most common side effect was sedation, which was greatest in patients who received the higher doses of codeine and nalbuphine. The effects of oral nalbuphine are much like those of oral codeine in patients with acute postoperative pain.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Oct 1982
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialPostoperative analgesia and lung function: a comparison of intramuscular with epidural morphine.
Thirty healthy patients subjected to cholecystectomy or operation for duodenal ulcer were allocated randomly for postoperative analgesic treatment with morphine i.m. or epidurally. Morphine was given only at the request of the patients and only as much was given as was needed to obtain satisfactory pain relief. ⋯ Compared with the i.m. group, there was a higher arterial oxygen tension and a slower increase in alveolar-arterial oxygen difference. It is concluded that epidural morphine analgesia reduces the degree of postoperative lung dysfunction compared with conventional i.m. morphine treatment.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Caudal block for postoperative analgesia in children.
A clinical trial was performed to compare the effects of intramuscular dihydrocodeine with caudal bupivacaine on postoperative pain and recovery in 181 children who had undergone either circumcision, inguinal herniotomy or orchidopexy performed under general anaesthesia. Linear analogues were used in assess level of consciousness and apparent pain. Recovery of consciousness was slower after caudal analgesia. For 90 minutes following circumcision there was significantly less pain and caudal analgesia, but better pain relief could not be demonstrated following inguinal herniotomy and orchidopexy.
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Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. · Oct 1982
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialParacetamol plus supplementary doses of codeine. An analgesic study of repeated doses.
A double-blind, multicentre analgesic trial was carried out in patients suffering from pain after removal of an impacted lower wisdom tooth. 266 patients were evaluated after random allocation to treatment with paracetamol 500 mg, paracetamol 500 mg plus codeine 20 mg, paracetamol 500 mg plus codeine 30 mg, or paracetamol 500 mg plus codeine 40 mg. On the day of surgery the patients assessed their own pain intensity hourly on a visual analogue scale. ⋯ In the comparison of side effects, their frequency increased with increasing amounts of codeine. In clinical practice codeine 30 mg appeared to be the optimal supplement for paracetamol 500 mg.
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Br J Clin Pharmacol · Oct 1982
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialCodeine added to paracetamol induced adverse effects but did not increase analgesia.
1 In a double-blind crossover study identical oral surgical procedures were performed on two separate occasions in 24 outpatients. 2 At one operation they were given tablets containing paracetamol + codeine phosphate (400 mg + 30 mg), and at the other plain paracetamol (400 mg). The day of operation 2 tablets were taken 3, 6 and 9 h after surgery, the following two days 1 tablet four times daily. 3 Several measurements/assessments were recorded for a paired comparison of the postoperative courses. 4 No increase In the analgesic effect could be demonstrated by addition of codeine to paracetamol. 5 On the day of operation 18 patients reported adverse effects like nausea, dizziness and drowsiness with paracetamol + codeine, while only 3 patients experienced side effects with paracetamol alone (P less than 0.001). 6 Measurements revealed almost identical swelling after the two operations. 7 Compared with results obtained in previous studies, the present findings indicate that paracetamol may exert anti-inflammatory activity and reduce postoperative swelling, even when given 3 h after surgery. 8 On the day of operation and the following two days 20 patients preferred the treatment with plain paracetamol, while only 4 favoured paracetamol + codeine (P less than 0.001).