Articles: low-back-pain.
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A literature review of the most widely used, condition-specific, self-administered assessment questionnaires for low back pain has been undertaken. In part I, technical issues such as validity, reliability, availability and comparability were analyzed for the nine most widely used outcome tools. This second part focuses on the content and wording of questions and answers in each of the nine questionnaires, and an analysis of the different score results is performed. The issue of score bias is discussed and suggestions are given in order to increase the construct validity in the practical use of the individual questionnaires.
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To study the pathogenesis of the pain of discography and the discogenic low back pain. ⋯ Findings indicate that the strip zone of granulation tissue with extensive innervation in the posterior part of the painful disc is the original site of the pain of discography and the discogenic low back pain. The strip zone of granulation tissue might originate from the injury and subsequent reparation of the margin of annulus fibrosus. The difference of the aging disc and painful disc which can not be differed each other on MRI is the formation of the strip zone of granulation tissue along tear histologically in posterior part of the painful disc.
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A cross-sectional study of low back pain and its related aspects in a representative sample of Greek population. ⋯ According to the results of the study, low back pain is a frequent symptom in the general Greek population. Low back pain frequency and severity are associated with several socio-demographic factors, especially with age, sex, and kind of job.
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Chronic low back pain presents a major challenge for general practitioners and is a significant drain on community resources. Patients often feel frustrated by modern medicine's apparent failure to validate their symptoms with a specific diagnosis and management plan. ⋯ Modern imaging techniques rarely determine the cause of pain. The GP must look for 'red flag' clues in the history. Management of low back pain includes NSAIDs, simple injections of plain local anaesthetic without adrenalin or cortisone, referral to a masseuse, cortisone, physiotherapist and/or a musculoskeletal pain physician. Specific management includes medial branch and sacroiliac joint blocks, and radiofrequency neurotomy. Patients with long term pain may be referred to a psychologist for cognitive behavioural therapy.