Articles: low-back-pain.
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J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil · Jan 2020
Prevalence of low back pain in young Brazilians and associated factors: Sex, physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep and body mass index.
Low back pain (LBP) has become increasingly common, but the prevalence of this complaint and associated factors in young people remains controversial. ⋯ Youngsters reported a high prevalence of LBP. Girls were at greater risk of LBP than boys. It is recommended that prevention strategies focus on the practices of physical activities and scholar physical education. No association of LBP with sedentary lifestyle (TV and computer use time, sleep time), anthropometric measures and sleeping duration was observed.
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Split cord malformations (SCMs) are among the rare congenital spinal anomalies. In 1992, Pang et al. proposed the unified theory of embryogenesis and explained the formation of SCM type 1 and 2. This theory has been widely accepted in the neurosurgical literature, backed by several studies. However, there have been reports in the literature that defy both the classification as well as the formation of SCMs, based on the unified theory of embryogenesis. We report a case of SCM that does not fit into this classification scheme and try to elucidate its embryologic basis, with review of the relevant literature. We also attempt to include this variety into the existing classification system of SCMs. ⋯ SCMs possibly represent a continuum of changes beginning at the gestational age of days 20-30. Terminology such as mixed or intermediate type is used to denote SCMs that show features of both type 1 and type II. We prefer using type 1.5 SCMs for all such cases, thereby avoiding confusion and maintaining uniformity in the nomenclature. However, further experimental studies are required to substantiate our understanding of these complex embryologic anomalies on the basis of current hypotheses.
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The United States is facing a widespread opioid epidemic that disproportionately affects the working-age population. In the clinical setting, new low back pain is one of the most common reasons for opioid prescriptions, despite national recommendations advising against their use until nonopioid treatments have been trialed. In this study, we aimed to examine national opioid prescribing practices among primary care physicians after the evaluation of low back pain in working-age patients. ⋯ We found that the overall frequency of opioid prescriptions for low back pain is decreasing nationally, which speaks favorably for future initiatives to change physician prescribing patterns. However, we identified that there is large variation in prescribing patterns among physicians in different states.
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Measuring health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in patients with chronic low back pain (LBP) is crucial to monitor and improve the patients' health status through effective rehabilitation. While the 12-item short-form health survey (SF-12) was developed as a shorter alternative to the 36-item short-form health survey for assessing HRQOL in large-scale studies, to date, no cross-culturally adapted and validated Hausa version exists. This study aimed to translate and cross-culturally adapt the SF-12 into Hausa language, and test its psychometric properties in mixed urban and rural Nigerian populations with chronic LBP. ⋯ The Hausa SF-12 was successfully developed and showed evidence of factorial invariance across age, gender, and habitation. The instrument demonstrated satisfactory construct validity, internal consistency, and test-retest reliability. However, stronger psychometric properties need to be established in general population and other patients groups in future studies. The instrument can be used clinically and for research in Hausa-speaking patients with chronic LBP.
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Very little evidence is available on the prevalence of serious spinal pathologies and the diagnostic accuracy of red flags in patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). This systematic review aims to investigate the prevalence of serious spinal pathologies and the diagnostic accuracy of red flags in patients presenting with low back pain to the ED. ⋯ We found a higher prevalence of serious spinal pathologies in the ED compared to the reported prevalence in primary care settings. As the diagnostic accuracy of most red flags was reported only by a single study, further validation in high-quality prospective studies is needed.