Articles: human.
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Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) is a vital risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Some circular RNAs have been identified as modulators of MIRI. However, the effects of circ-mitochondrial amidoxime reducing component 2 (circ-MARC2) in MIRI are unclear. ⋯ In addition, transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 7 (TRPM7) was identified as the target gene of miR-335-5p. Overexpression of miR-335-5p relieved H/R-induced AC16 cell damage, whereas TRPM7 elevation abolished the effect. Circ-MARC2 knockdown was able to relieve H/R-induced AC16 cell injury through miR-335-5p/TRPM7 axis.
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In the peripheral nervous system, spontaneous activity in sensory neurons is considered to be one of the 2 main drivers of chronic pain states, alongside neuronal sensitization. Despite this, the precise nature and timing of this spontaneous activity in neuropathic pain is not well-established. Here, we have performed a systematic search and data extraction of existing electrophysiological literature to shed light on which fibre types have been shown to maintain spontaneous activity and over what time frame. ⋯ However, because of the highly specialised nature of the electrophysiological methods used to measure spontaneous activity, there is also a high degree of variability and uncertainty around these results. Specifically, there are very few directly controlled experiments, with less directly comparable data between human and animals. Given that spontaneous peripheral neuron activity is considered to be a key mechanistic feature of chronic pain conditions, it may be beneficial to conduct further experiments in this space.
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Objective: Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) defend against acute infections. However, their overexpression causes organ failure during sepsis. Control of NET formation may improve the outcomes of patients with sepsis. ⋯ In neutrophils from young females, equol had no inhibitory effect on NET formation. Conclusions: Equol decreases lipopolysaccharide-induced NET formation in neutrophils from males via inhibition of PAD4 expression. Our findings provide a rationale for investigating a new therapeutic approach using equol to control neutrophil activity during sepsis.
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The somatotopic organization of the human cerebellum processes somato-motoric input. Its role during pain perception for nociceptive input remains ambiguous. A standardized experimental trigeminal nociceptive input in functional imaging might clarify the role of the cerebellum in trigeminal nociception. Also of interest is the greater occipital nerve, which innervates the back of the head, and can influence the trigeminal perception due to functional coupling within the brainstem, forming the so-called trigemino-cervical complex. ⋯ The study expands the current knowledge on facial and head pain processing by the cerebellum and provides an initial somatotopic map of the trigemino-cervical complex in the human cerebellum with a predominant representation of the first trigeminal branch.