Articles: general-anesthesia.
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We studied mid-latency auditory evoked potentials (MLAEP) during induction of general anaesthesia with ketamine 2 mg kg-1. MLAEP were recorded before, during and after induction of general anaesthesia on the vertex (positive) and mastoid (negative) positions. Latencies of the peak V, Na, Pa, Nb, P1 and amplitudes Na/Pa, Pa/Nb and Nb/P1 were measured. ⋯ Amplitudes and latencies of MLAEP did not change during induction of general anaesthesia with ketamine. Primary processing of auditory stimuli in the primary auditory cortex seemed to be preserved under ketamine. Suppression of sensory (auditory) information processing must take place at a higher cortical level in a dissociative manner.
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Define the ranges for normal vital signs during general anesthesia. ⋯ Clinicians recognize ranges for vital signs during uneventful anesthesia. These CORs may differ from one stage of anesthesia to the next. Transgressions of these ranges are common. Not all transgressions are treated.
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Six cases of acute transient enlargement of the parotid gland under general anesthesia, so called anesthesia mumps, are reported. Patient 1 was placed in the left lateral position and the left parotid gland was subsequently observed to be diffusely enlarged. With five patients in the prone position, bilateral parotid gland enlargement was observed. ⋯ Mechanical compression by sheet amadou may have produced the swelling in the patient who was placed in a lateral position. In the prone position, changes in the autonomic nervous system during surgical procedures and anesthesia, vascular congestion resulting from the surgical position, an overactive pharyngeal reflex stimulated by endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation are discussed as possible causes. Evaluation of the occurrence and clinical course of anesthesia mumps provided useful diagnostic and management data.
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There is nowadays virtually no contraindication to anaesthesia for even small, sick neonates provided that adequate resuscitation is first carried out. Furthermore, apart from severe trauma and airway difficulties, very few paediatric surgical emergencies require immediate intervention. Most emergencies can be treated within a few hours, preferably when the full facilities of the hospital are available.