Articles: general-anesthesia.
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Comparative Study
Maternal and neonatal effects of methoxyflurane, nitrous oxide and lumbar epidural anaesthesia for Caesarean section.
General anaesthetic techniques continue to be used for Caesarean section despite the possible increased incidence of foetal acidosis and neonatal depression. Two techniques of general anaesthesia (methoxyflurane-oxygen and nitrous oxide-oxygen) and lumbar epidural anaesthesia were compared in 37 patients under-going elective Caesarean section. ⋯ Cord blood gas analysis showed the babies in the methoxyflurane group to have a higher PaO2 with less metabolic acidosis than the babies from the other two groups. The maternal effects of the three anaesthetic techniques were similar, with only a small rise in serum fluroide levels noted in the methoxyflurane group.
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Caesarean sections were performed on 18 Romney ewes on day 144 of pregnancy. Anaesthesia was induced in 9 ewes with CT 1341 and in 9 ewes with thiopentone and maintained in both groups with halothane administered with oxygen. Surgery was performed with the ewes in lateral recumbency, with respiration unassisted. ⋯ Significant linear relationships were only found in the CT 1341 group between TSR interval and PCO2 and pH. No significant correlations were found between the lD interval and any of the biochemical characteristics. The results of this study suggest that lateral recumbency does not interfere with uteroplacental circulation, that CT 1341 (2.2 mg/kg) is associated with less neonatal depression than thiopentone (10 mg/kg) and that severe neonatal hypercarbia may delay the onset of respiration in lambs with minimal drug depression.
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An understanding of the physiological changes seen in late pregnancy, avoidance of the supine posture, together with routine administration of alkali during labour and a careful anaesthetic technique will enable the anaesthetist to avoid many of the potential problems of obstetric anaesthesia.
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A new ventilator for use during anaesthesia is described. It operates as a minute-volume divider and derives its power from the energy stored in a distended reservoir bag. ⋯ The nature of the inspired gas mixture is known accurately because the internal volume of the ventilator is small and the system is non-rebreathing. The design of the exhaust system facilitates ventilation monitoring, the use of positive end-expiratory pressure and connection to ducted pollution-control systems.
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Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. · Jun 1977
The effects of ketamine sedation and ketamine-pentobarbital anesthesia upon the intraocular pressure of the rabbit.
The effect of ketamine sedation and ketamine-pentobarbital anesthesia upon the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the rabbit was studied by applanation pneumatonography. Peak values of IOP during both ketamine sedation and ketamine-pentobarbital anesthesia were reached 3 to 5 minutes after administration of the drug(s). The peak IOP increase during ketamine sedation (10 mg./kg. ⋯ The peak IOP increase with ketamine-pentobarbital anesthesia (50 mg./kg. ketamine IM + 30 mg./kg. pentobarbital IM) was 7.1 +/- 0.8 mm. Hg. Atropine premedication did not prevent the increase in IOP seen with ketamine sedation or ketamine-pentobarbital anesthesia.