Articles: pain-measurement.
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J Manipulative Physiol Ther · Jan 1993
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialThe Hmax/Mmax ratio as an outcome measure for acute low back pain.
To evaluate the use of the Hmax/Mmax (H/M) ratio as an outcome measure for acute low back pain and to determine the change of this ratio in acute low back pain patients treated with spinal manipulation. ⋯ The H/M ratio was found to be within normal limits in subjects with acute low back pain. The H/M ratio showed greater change in the group which received spinal manipulation, but the change was subtle. The results indicate that the H/M ratio may be of limited value in clinical practice.
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Individual-differences multidimensional scaling (INDSCAL) determined the dimensions underlying ratings of electrocutaneous stimuli, which ranged from innocuous levels to individual pain intolerance at each of three frequencies. Twenty-five healthy males made pairwise similarity judgments of these 15 stimuli for the INDSCAL procedure, and then rated each stimulus on nine property scales. Signal detection theory indices, as well as ratings on the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ), were also obtained. ⋯ A Frequency dimension ordered the stimuli from lowest to highest frequency; this dimension was related to the Fast-Slow property. Compared to the Frequency dimension, the Sensory Magnitude dimension was more salient to subjects who better discriminated among painful stimulus intensities, set a more stoical pain report criterion, and were less apt to endorse frequency-related MPQ descriptors. Thus, variation of physical intensity and frequency elicited complementary dimensions of subjective judgment, which were related to perceptual and attitudinal differences among individuals.
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Variability of physiological parameters was used as a measure of stress in the newborn infant. There was a significant increase in variability of the heart rate (P < 0.01) when the stab of the heel prick occurred in addition to the other elements of the procedure (positioning, warming, alcohol swab cleansing and squeezing). This dummy procedure itself caused some increase in variability although this was not significant at the 5% level. There were similar significant increases in variability of the respiratory rate and O2 and CO2 tensions in the blood (P < 0.05) during the stab procedure.
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Four simple tests which can be used for routine sensory testing following trigeminal nerve injuries are suggested. The methods for constructing the equipment needed for these tests are described.
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This paper reports the development and validation of the Pain Beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ). This is a 20-item questionnaire covering beliefs about the cause and treatment of pain. It was administered to 294 subjects, comprising 100 chronic pain patients and 194 controls. ⋯ Secondly, as predicted significant associations were observed between scores on the Organic Beliefs scale and scores on the Chance and Powerful Others scales of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC), and also between the Psychological Beliefs and Internal scales of the MHLC. No relationship, however, emerged between these scales and measures of pain intensity. The implications of these findings for the assessment and management of chronic pain patients, and in the understanding of the development of chronic pain, are discussed.