Articles: pain-measurement.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
High-Frequency (10 kHz) Electrical Stimulation of Peripheral Nerves for Treating Chronic Pain: A Double-Blind Trial of Presence vs Absence of Stimulation.
The study objectives were to perform a clinical audit of patients implanted with 10 kHz spinal cord (SCS) and peripheral nerve (PNS) stimulators for treating chronic pain and to investigate the effect of 10 kHz PNS on pain and other sensory modalities in a double-blind cross-over trial. ⋯ These findings suggest that PNS at 10 kHz decreases pain when conducted for at least four hours. Stimulation analgesia does not appear to be due to sensory conduction block.
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Chronic eye pain, which has previously been assumed to be due to ocular surface abnormalities (ie, "dry eye [DE] disease"), has recently garnered attention as a potential indicator of neuropathic ocular pain in some patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of a modified version of the Neuropathic Pain Symptom Inventory in individuals with eye pain (NPSI-Eye). Enrolled participants (n = 397) completed the NPSI-Eye, general pain severity questionnaires, DE symptom report, and psychological health indices. ⋯ Individuals who reported little or no decrease in pain after anesthetic eye drops (hypothesized to indicate eye pain with at least partial central involvement) had significantly higher NPSI-Eye scores than participants whose eye pain was completely relieved by anesthetic (P < 0.05). Overall, our results support preliminary validation of the NPSI-Eye, yielding similar metrics to those reported in Bouhassira et al.'s original NPSI publication (2004). However, additional evaluation and refinement of some questions may be desirable, including the potential elimination of items that were not highly endorsed.
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Computerized methods to analyze pain drawings (PDs) have been developed and may aid to measure the pain area more precisely. ⋯ Our results show that intra- and inter-rater reliabilities were excellent when an examiner reproduced the paper PDs into digitalized PDs. This process gives clinicians and researchers the opportunity to analyze pain extent more precisely using a computerized method.
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Multicenter Study Observational Study
Pain in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit: How and What Are We Doing?
Pain management in critically ill children is complex. Epidemiological research is needed to identify how often patients in pediatric intensive care units experience pain and the practices being used to lessen pain. ⋯ Critically ill children experience pain and multiple painful procedures daily. Assessment and intervention practices vary considerably. Research is needed to establish best practices for pain assessment in patients with limited communicative ability and to determine which pain management strategies improve patients' outcomes.
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Observational Study
Cross-cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Norwegian Short-form McGill Pain Questionnaire-2 in Low Back-related Leg Pain.
A prospective observational study with translation and psychometric analyses of a questionnaire. ⋯ 3.