Articles: neuralgia.
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Chronic neuropathic pain is a debilitating ordeal for patients worldwide and pharmacological treatment efficacy is still limited. As many pharmacological interventions for neuropathic pain often fail, insights into the underlying mechanism and role of identified receptors is of utmost importance. An important target for improving treatment of neuropathic pain is the descending serotonergic system as these projections modulate nociceptive signaling in the dorsal horn. ⋯ Analgesia due to neuromodulatory intervention like SCS restores the inhibitory function of the descending serotonergic system and involves 5-HT2, 5-HT3 and 5-HT4 receptors. The results of this systematic review provide insights and suggestions for further pharmacological and or neuromodulatory treatment of neuropathic pain based on targeting selected serotonergic receptors related to descending modulation of nociceptive signaling in spinal dorsal horn. With the novel developed SCS paradigms, the descending serotonergic system will be an important target for mechanism-based stimulation induced analgesia.
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Mirogabalin is a novel α2δ ligand approved in Japan for the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain. However, the sites of action of α2δ ligands to produce analgesic effects on inflammatory pain remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the analgesic effect and site of action of mirogabalin using the rat formalin test, an acute inflammatory pain model. ⋯ In the intracerebroventricular group, mirogabalin attenuated moving distances but did not produce an analgesic effect. In the intrathecal group, mirogabalin produced an analgesic effect but did not affect moving distances. These findings suggest that the analgesic effect of mirogabalin on the rat formalin test is mediated by spinal action and not by the activation of α2, 5-HT1A, or opioid receptors, and that the inhibitory effect of mirogabalin on moving distances is mediated by the supraspinal brain.
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Pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) is a nonablative pain treatment that uses radiofrequency current in short high-voltage bursts, resulting in interruption of nociceptive afferent pathways. We conducted a systematic review with the aim to create a synthesis of evidence about the efficacy and safety of PRF applied to the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) for the treatment of neuropathic pain. ⋯ Evidence about the efficacy and safety of PRF of the DRG for the treatment of neuropathic pain is based mainly on results from very small studies with low evidence quality. Current research results about the benefits of PRF of the DRG for the treatment of neuropathic pain should be considered preliminary and confirmed in high-quality RCTs with sufficient numbers of participants.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Chronic Neuropathic Pain in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Randomized Controlled Trial.
Chronic neuropathic pain is a common symptom in multiple sclerosis (MS). This randomized controlled single-blinded study investigated whether a new protocol involving five days of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) with an interval period would be effective to reduce pain using the visual analog scale (VAS). Other secondary outcomes included the Neuropathic Pain Scale (NPS), Depression Anxiety Stress Score (DASS), Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SFMPQ), and Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life 54 (MSQOL54). ⋯ This study shows that repeated stimulation with a-tDCS for five days can reduce pain intensity for a prolonged period in patients with MS who have chronic neuropathic pain.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Evaluation of an effectiveness and safety of the electroacupuncture in the management of intractable neuropathic pain: A prospective, open-labeled, randomized, cross-over clinical trial.
There is no sufficient evidence on the effectiveness of acupuncture for neuropathic pain. This protocol describes a study that aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture combined with conventional medicine for patients with intractable neuropathic pain, when compared with conventional medicine alone. ⋯ The study protocol for this trial will provide up-to-date evidence on the effectiveness and safety of electroacupuncture for patients with intractable neuropathic pain. The results will be disseminated through a peer-reviewed journal and conference presentations.