Articles: intubation.
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A stable breathing pattern during unassisted ventilation through an endotracheal tube (ETT) prior to extubation is an important factor in determining whether a patient can be successfully extubated. Proper interpretation of changes in the breathing pattern requires knowledge of the normal variability of the breathing pattern in critically ill, intubated patients. To establish these guidelines, 50 spontaneously breathing patients who were being weaned from mechanical ventilation were monitored with respiratory inductive plethysmography for one hour immediately prior to and following successful extubation. ⋯ By 30 minutes postextubation, these parameters were similar to preextubation values. There was no significant change in variability of f or VT. Although the breathing pattern of these relatively stable, intensive care patients differed from values of normal ambulatory subjects, values were similar in the preextubation and postextubation periods.
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Sitting oral-tracheal intubation is a useful technique for rapid airway control in the patient for whom maintenance of the upright posture is desirable. The technique consists of introducing the endotracheal tube with the patient in the sitting or semi-sitting position. Specific positioning of both patient and operator is required.
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The American surgeon · Apr 1988
Rapid sequence induction with oral endotracheal intubation in the multiply injured patient.
The charts of 1798 consecutive admissions at this level one trauma center to evaluate the practice of emergency airway control were reviewed. A total of 335 patients required endotracheal intubation, 320 oral endotracheal, 12 nasotracheal, and three surgical. A technique of rapid sequence induction (RSI) with oral endotracheal intubation was the method of airway control in 260 spontaneously breathing patients. ⋯ In all instances airway control was prompt and accurate. There were no hemodynamic nor neurologic complications secondary to RSI or oral endotracheal intubation. It is believed that RSI with oral endotracheal intubation is a reasonable alternative to nasotracheal intubation in the spontaneously breathing patient.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Apr 1988
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialEffects of aerosolized and/or intravenous lidocaine on hemodynamic responses to laryngoscopy and intubation in outpatients.
A randomized, double-blind study was carried out on 40 unpremedicated, ASA I-II adult surgical outpatients to assess the effects of aerosolized lidocaine, intravenous lidocaine, both, or neither, on circulatory responses to laryngoscopy and intubation. Lidocaine (4 mg/kg) or saline was given by nebulizer in the holding area beginning at -15 minutes. The patient underwent a standardized induction of anesthesia that included IV curare (3 mg) and O2 by facemask at minute 2, followed by IV thiopental (5 mg/kg) and succinylcholine (1.5 mg/kg) at minute 5. ⋯ There were no differences among the four treatment groups (n = ten per group) in any of the four hemodynamic variables before laryngoscopy and intubation. Within each group, after intubation all four hemodynamic variables increased significantly over the corresponding baseline values for that group. However, the maximum values attained after intubation did not differ significantly among the four treatment groups for any of the four hemodynamic variables, whether those maxima were expressed as absolute values or as a percentage of baseline.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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The Journal of pediatrics · Apr 1988
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialNeed for endotracheal intubation and suction in meconium-stained neonates.
In a prospective study, we determined whether routine immediate tracheal aspiration at birth is necessary in meconium-stained but otherwise normal infants delivered vaginally and having a 1-minute Apgar score greater than 8. A total of 572 newborn infants who met these criteria were randomly allocated to one of two groups. ⋯ There was no mortality among infants in the study, but morbidity, mainly pulmonary and laryngeal disorders, occurred in six of 308 group I infants and in none of the group II infants (P less than 0.025). Immediate tracheal suction is not a harmless intervention, and should be considered superfluous in a vigorous term neonate born with meconium-stained amniotic fluid.