Articles: hyperalgesia.
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There are only 2 small sample studies investigating allodynia in the pediatric population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of allodynia during cephalalgic attacks in a juvenile population with primary headaches and its association with other symptoms of migraine. ⋯ According to our data, allodynia is common during pediatric migraine attacks. The association between allodynia and physical activity, nausea and phonophobia are supported by studies on adult population and suggests specific physiopathological mechanisms.
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Intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) injection, known as viscosupplementation, is a widely used therapy for pain relief in knee osteoarthritis (OA). Long-term clinical efficacy of HA has been reported in spite of a relatively short residence time. Herein, we evaluated our hypothesis that intra-articular HA injection could reduce the OA-associated changes in joint afferents. ⋯ Intra-articular HA injections reduced the severity of OA, decreased mechanical hyperalgesia of the paw, but not weight-bearing asymmetry, and attenuated OA-associated up-regulation of CGRP, but not TrkA and ASIC3, in joint afferents. The modulatory effects of HA on joint afferents is one of the underlying mechanisms of the gap between HA residence time and duration of clinical efficacy.
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Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a non-invasive analgesic resource extensively used in painful conditions. However, preclinical studies suggest that the prolonged use of TENS results in the development of tolerance to its analgesic effect. The present study investigated the analgesic effect and development of tolerance to TENS with four different stimulation protocols. ⋯ The association between frequency variation and intensity at motor level promotes a delay in the development of analgesic tolerance to TENS, optimizing and extending its therapeutic effectiveness.
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The objectives of this study are (1) to assess the presence of myofascial trigger points (TrPs) and widespread pressure hyperalgesia; and (2) to assess the relationship between the presence of active TrPs, pain intensity, and widespread pressure hypersensitivity in individuals with postmeniscectomy pain. ⋯ The referred pain elicited by active TrPs reproduced knee symptoms in patients with postmeniscectomy pain. Patients also showed localized reduction of PPT. The number of TrPs was associated with the intensity of pain and pressure hyperalgesia. Our findings suggest the presence of peripheral sensitization in patients with postmeniscectomy pain could be associated with the presence of active TrPs.
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Crohn's disease (CD) is a painful chronic inflammatory bowel disease. It primarily affects terminal ileum, but the involvement of large and small intestines or extraintestinal manifestations is very common. CD may go along with neurogenic inflammation, mediated by substance P and CGRP, which are also key players in pain transmission. This may in turn contribute to hyperalgesia and altered somatosensory function in CD. ⋯ Our findings are consistent with the presence of a subclinical small fiber neuropathy. The group of CD patients with pronounced neuropathy findings were predominantly males, had a higher incidence of extraintestinal manifestations, and tended to have a longer history of disease duration.