Articles: hyperalgesia.
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Reg Anesth Pain Med · Nov 2010
Randomized Controlled TrialEffect of a preemptive femoral nerve block on cytokine release and hyperalgesia in experimentally inflamed skin of human volunteers.
Tissue injury is associated with the local release of inflammatory and nociceptive mediators and the development of hyperalgesia. It is unclear whether interrupting neuronal signaling using regional anesthetic techniques at the time of the injury modifies local nociceptive and inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to determine whether a peripheral nerve block at the time of tissue injury could modify the development of wound hyperalgesia and the local release of inflammatory and nociceptive mediators. ⋯ These findings suggest that a preemptive, single-shot peripheral nerve block minimally affects wound hyperalgesia and inflammation. Continuous nerve block techniques may be better suited to alter nociceptive and inflammatory events in wounds beyond the duration of the block.
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Opioids are commonly used for pain control; however, they can cause hyperalgesia. The reason why this can happen is not known. The objective of this review was to describe the mechanisms, factors implicated, and drug modulation. ⋯ This is a very complex subject, which involves a series of pathophysiological mechanisms that could contribute for OIH and patient discomfort, bringing disastrous consequences.
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Mixed evidence exists regarding whether irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients show increased somatic pain perception compared with controls. The current study used a deep, tonic somatic pain stimulus (ischemic pain) to evaluate somatic hypersensitivity in IBS patients. ⋯ The results of this study suggest that a widespread alteration in central pain processing in IBS patients may be present as they display hypersensitivity to ischemic arm pain, and ischemic pain threshold was associated with clinical symptoms. These findings could reflect a dysfunction in inhibitory pain systems in IBS patients, as ischemic (deep) pain may be under tonic inhibitory control.
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J Orthop Sports Phys Ther · Nov 2010
Specific mechanical pain hypersensitivity over peripheral nerve trunks in women with either unilateral epicondylalgia or carpal tunnel syndrome.
Case-control study with blinded examiner. ⋯ Bilateral mechanical nerve pain hypersensitivity is related to specific and particular nerve trunks in women with either unilateral LE or CTS. Our results suggest the presence of central and peripheral sensitization mechanisms in individuals with either LE or CTS.
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Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is an inflammatory cytokine known to modulate muscle pain. However, the mechanisms underlying this effect still remain unclear. Here we show that the injection of IL-6 into mice gastrocnemius muscle evoked a time- and dose-dependent mechanical hyperalgesia. ⋯ Simultaneous flow cytometry measurements revealed that ERK, p38 MAPK and JNK were phosphorylated as early as 5 min after IL-6 injection. These findings provided new evidence indicating that IL-6 exerts a relevant role in the development and maintenance of muscular hyperalgesia. The IL-6-mediated muscular pain response involves resident cell activation, polymorphonuclear cell infiltration, cytokine production, prostanoids and sympathomimetic amines release and the activation of intracellular pathways, especially MAPKs.