Articles: function.
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The gastrointestinal tract is embedded with microorganisms of numerous genera, referred to as gut microbiota. Gut microbiota has multiple effects on many body organs, including the brain. There is a bidirectional connection between the gut and brain called the gut-brain-axis, and these connections are formed through immunological, neuronal, and neuroendocrine pathways. ⋯ Therefore, the disruption of the gut microbiota in the composition or function, which is known as dysbiosis, is associated with the pathogenesis of many mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression, and other psychiatric disorders. This review aims to summarize the modulation role of the gut microbiota in 4 prominent neurotransmitters (tryptophan and serotonergic system, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glutamate), as well as its association with 4 psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, depression, anxiety disorders, and autism spectrum disorder). More future research is required to develop efficient gut-microbiota-based therapies for these illnesses.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effect of EEG neurofeedback on lowering the stress reaction level depending on various stressors on the biochemical, muscular and psychomotor sphere: A preliminary randomized study.
The human body is exposed to stressors on a daily basis. Short-term exposure to a particular stressor can cause the release of inflammatory markers - including c-reactive protein (CRP). EEG neurofeedback is a noninvasive form of therapy that aims to improve brain function. Neurofeedback is a type of feedback based on brain activity. ⋯ This article shows the effect of EGG neurofeedback on reducing the negative effects of stress exposure in humans. The study showed that the level and a pattern of EEG neurofeedback influence and significance is different depending on the applied stressor. Furthermore, the level of EEG neurofeedback influence and significance in decreasing the stressor effect is different depending on the examined sphere.
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During the past 3 years of the corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, COVID-19 has been recognized to cause various neurological complications, including rare posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). In previously reported cases of PRES associated with COVID-19, the majority of patients had severe COVID-19 infection and known predisposing factors for PRES, such as uncontrolled hypertension, renal dysfunction, and use of immunosuppressants. It remains unclear whether these risk factors or infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) contributes to the development of PRES in these patients. Here we report a special case of PRES associated with COVID-19 without any known risk factors for PRES, indicating the SARS-CoV-2's direct role in the pathogenesis of PRES associated with COVID-19. ⋯ The current case had no classical risk factors for PRES, indicating that although the cause of PRES in COVID-19 patients may be multifactorial, the infection of SARS-CoV-2 may play a direct role in the pathogenesis of PRES associated with COVID-19.
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Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a common malignant tumor. Identification of biomarkers and understanding their potential functions will facilitate the treatment and diagnosis in LUAD patients. The yellow module (cor = 0.31, P = 2e-6) was selected as the core module based on weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) by integrating RNA-seq data and tumor stage. ⋯ Among which, FOXF1 was downregulated and TFAP2A was upregulated in TCGA-LUAD cohort. Both TFs showed a significantly positive correlation with the expression level of PLAU. In conclusion, we identified 2 biomarkers related to immune response and achieved a good accuracy in predicting OS in patients with LUAD.
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To explore the effect of hypoproteinemia on cardiac function and prognosis in elderly male patients with chronic heart failure. Among the patients with chronic heart failure hospitalized in the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command from December 2014 to December 2015, 100 elderly male patients with chronic heart failure were selected. The patients were divided into 2 groups based on their serum albumin (ALB) levels: 53 cases in the normal group (ALB ≥ 35 g/L) and 47 cases in the hypoproteinemia group (ALB < 35 g/L). ⋯ The mortality of patients in the hyporoteinemia group were significantly higher than those in the normal group. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimension (LVDD) and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in the normal group after 5 years were markedly lower compared with that in the hypoproteinemia group. The mortality of patients with chronic heart failure with hypoproteinemia were higher, and the present study indicated that the ALB level may be associated with the mortality of patients with chronic heart failure.