Articles: function.
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S100 protein family, which represents 25 relatively small calcium binding proteins, is involved in many intracellular and/or extracellular processes, including differentiation, apoptosis, migration/invasion, Ca2+ homeostasis, inflammation, and tissue repair. As an important member, S100A4 was reported to have an abnormal expression in several lung diseases, such as lung cancer, pulmonary hypertension, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), etc. For example, in lung cancer, S100A4 was demonstrated to be associated to metastatic tumor progression and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). ⋯ Various studies in recent years focused on the S100A4 function in lung diseases, showing researchers' interests on this protein. It is necessary to focuses on relative studies, and make a comprehensive understanding of S100A4 in common pulmonary diseases. By doing this, this paper provides a review of the evidence for S100A4 in lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, IPF and pulmonary hypertension.
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Case Reports
Esophageal achalasia, diagnosed through the repeated manometry, alleviated using benzodiazepine: A case report.
Idiopathic achalasia is an esophageal peristaltic dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES). The initial symptom is progressive dysphagia. However, due to its rarity, it is often misdiagnosed as an esophageal disorder. High LES pressure on esophageal manometry is an essential finding for the diagnosis. ⋯ When patients still suffer from these symptoms, there is a need to reconsider achalasia, even if it is initially excluded from the differential diagnosis. Medication is not a radical treatment; however, it sometimes ameliorates symptoms. Moreover, the psychosomatic approach can be useful in such cases.
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Recent studies have identified a novel programmed cell death based on copper, named cuproptosis. However, as an anti-cuproptosis gene, the functional roles, definite mechanisms and prognostic value of CDKN2A in pan-cancer are largely unclear. The GEPIA2, cancer genome atlas (TCGA), the tumor immune estimation resource 2.0 and CPTAC databases were performed to validate the differential expression of CDKN2A in 33 tumors. ⋯ In addition, aberrant CDKN2A expression was closely correlated to immune infiltration and the levels of immune-regulatory genes. The study deeply defined the concrete roles of cuproptosis-related gene CDKN2A in tumorigenesis. The results provided new insights and pieces of evidence for treatment.
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The occurrence and development of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are closely related to the immune status of the tumor-host. The immunosuppression caused by tumor cells and toxic side effects produced by chemotherapeutic drugs results in a decrease in immune function, ultimately leading to the failure of clinical chemotherapy treatment. Ginsenoside Rg3 has been clinically reported to have positive effects in enhancing immune function in patients. Thus, we screened and evaluated the quality of the evidence regarding the benefits of ginsenoside Rg3 and conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impact on improving immune function in NSCLC. ⋯ This study confirmed that ginsenoside Rg3 has some efficacy advantages for improving immune function in patients with NSCLC.
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Thyroid storm (TS), also known as thyroid crisis, is a life-threatening condition that involves multiple organ dysfunction and high mortality due to uncontrolled hyperthyroidism. TS in children is extremely rare, early diagnosis and treatment can significantly improve the prognosis of the children. ⋯ TS should be identified timely and treated early. Further studies are needed to determine the diagnostic criteria and scoring system for TS in pediatric.