Articles: function.
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Anesthesia and analgesia · Apr 2015
Haloperidol Suppresses Murine Dendritic Cell Maturation and Priming of the T Helper 1-Type Immune Response.
Haloperidol has immunomodulatory effects when used to treat patients with schizophrenia and also is used to sedate critically ill patients in the intensive care unit. Although the mechanism by which haloperidol affects immune function is unclear, one possibility is that it alters dendritic cell (DC) function. DCs are potent antigen-presenting cells that influence the activation and maturation of T lymphocytes. In this study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo immunomodulatory effects of haloperidol on DC-mediated immune responses. ⋯ The results of our study suggest that haloperidol suppresses the functional maturation of DCs and plays an important role in the inhibition of DC-induced T helper 1 immune responses in the whole animal. Furthermore, the effect of haloperidol on DCs may be mediated by dopamine D2-like receptors. Together, these results demonstrate that administration of haloperidol suppresses DC-mediated immune responses.
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Although the mechanisms and pathways mediating ARDS have been studied extensively, less attention has been given to the mechanisms and pathways that counteract injury responses. This study found that the apelin-APJ pathway is an endogenous counterinjury mechanism that protects against ARDS. ⋯ The apelin-APJ signaling pathway is an endogenous anti-injury and organ-protective mechanism that is activated during ARDS to counteract the injury response and to prevent uncontrolled lung injury.
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Observational Study
Copeptin levels are associated with organ dysfunction and death in the intensive care unit after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
We studied associations of the stress hormones copeptin and cortisol with outcome and organ dysfunction after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). ⋯ Admission copeptin and free cortisol were not of prognostic value regarding 12-month neurological outcome after OHCA. Higher admission copeptin and cortisol were associated with ICU death, and copeptin predicted subsequent organ dysfunction.