Articles: opioid.
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Southern medical journal · Nov 2021
Observational StudyUncomplicated Distal Radius Fractures: An Opportunity to Reduce Emergency Medicine Opioid Prescribing?
To assess emergency physician prescribing for simple extremity fractures-specifically, distal radius fractures-and describe the opportunity for reducing opioid prescribing. ⋯ Emergency physicians commonly prescribe opioids for simple distal radius fractures. This represents a potential opportunity to reduce opioid prescribing.
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Opioids produce pupillary constriction but their impact on pupillary unrest and the dynamic parameters of the pupillary light reflex have not been characterized. Given the increasing use of portable pupillometers for care of critically ill patients, it is important to distinguish between opioid effects on the pupil versus those that have been reported to arise from traumatic and ischemic brain insults. We undertook this study to determine which pupillary responses are most profoundly and consistently affected by a progressive infusion of remifentanil. ⋯ PUAL is a highly specific indicator of central opioid effect. As a non-invasive measure, it may provide useful data to clinicians who prescribe opioids.
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Comparative Study
Comparative analysis of the effects of opioids in angiogenesis.
Angiogenesis, the formation of blood vessel from pre-existing ones, plays an important role in many pathophysiological diseases, such as cancer. Opioids are often used in clinic for the management of chronic pain in cancer patients at terminal phases. Here, we investigated and compared the effects and mechanisms of four opioids on angiogenesis. ⋯ Our work demonstrates the differential effects and mechanisms of opioids on angiogenesis.
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Gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction is common in the critical care setting and is highly associated with clinical outcomes. Opioids increase the risk for GI dysfunction and are frequently prescribed to reduce pain in critically ill patients. However, the role of opioids in GI function remains uncertain in the ICU. This review aims to describe the effect of opioids on GI motility, their potential risk of increasing infection and the treatment of GI dysmotility with opioid antagonists in the ICU setting.