Articles: cations.
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Recent reports indicate that several descriptors of pain sensations in the McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ) are difficult to classify within MPQ sensory subcategories because of incomprehension, underuse, or ambiguity of usage. Adopting the same methodology of recent studies, the rule revealed that only 6 to 18 words met criteria for the affective category and 5 of 11 words met criteria for the evaluative category, thus warranting a reduced list of words in these categories. This classification, the intensity ratings of the retained words correlated very highly with those originally reported for the MPQ. In conclusion, although the intensity ratings of MPQ affective and evaluative descriptors need no revision, selective reduction and reorganization of these descriptors can enhance the efficiency of this approach to pain assessment.
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The effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or the internal pallidum (GPi) on the parkinsonian triad and on levodopa-induced dyskinesias are very similar. The antiakinetic effect of STN DBS seems to be slightly better. On the contrary to pallidal DBS, stimulation of the STN allows to reduce dopaminergic treatment by more than 50p.100 on average. ⋯ It is the responsibility of the operating centre to determine the levodopa response, to confirm the diagnosis, to rule out contraindications and to make sure that the medical treatment cannot be further optimised. Severe surgical complications with permanent sequels are relatively rare, about 1p.100 per implanted side. The patient selection, the precision of the surgery and the quality of the postoperative follow-up are the three main determinants of success.
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Chronic low back pain secondary to involvement of the facet joints is a common problem. Facet joints have been recognized as potential sources of back pain since 1911. Multiple authors have described distributions of pain patterns of facet joint pain. ⋯ Multiple studies utilizing controlled diagnostic blocks have established the prevalence of lumbar facet joint involvement in patients with chronic low back pain, as ranging from 15% to 52%, based on type of population and setting studied. Long-term therapeutic benefit has been reported from three types of interventions in managing lumbar facet joint pain, including intraarticular injections, medial branch blocks and neurolysis of medial branches. This review will discuss chronic low back of facet joint origin and covers anatomy, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and various aspects related to treatment, including clinical effectiveness, cost effectiveness, technical aspects and complications.
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Aesthetic surgery journal · Jan 2002
Incidence of intercostobrachial nerve injury after transaxillary breast augmentation.
Although many studies on transaxillary breast augmentation (TBA) have been published, none has examined the incidence of intercostobrachial nerve (ICBN) injury after aesthetic surgery. ⋯ TBA is associated with a high incidence of injury to the ICBN. Our findings indicate that the use of an endoscope with the transaxillary approach does not significantly affect the rate of injury to the ICBN. The dissection study performed helped to confirm that an immediately subcutaneous plane of dissection in the axilla is safest with regard to avoiding injury to the ICBN. (Aesthetic Surg J 2002;22:26-32.).
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J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis · Jan 2002
Cavernous carotid aneurysms rarely cause subarachnoid hemorrhage or major neurologic morbidity.
To determine whether aneurysms of the cavernous internal carotid artery (CCA) cause major neurologic morbidity or death. ⋯ CCA is a disorder with strong female gender bias that uncommonly causes major neurologic complications. These data suggest that CCA should not be included in analyses that determine the risk of severe neurologic morbidity, hemorrhage, or death due to intracranial aneurysms.