Articles: cations.
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Minerva anestesiologica · Sep 2022
Multidrug-resistant infections in solid organ transplant recipients: a focus on risk factors, prevention and treatment strategies.
Solid organ transplantation is the best therapeutic option for patients with end-stage organ disease and, according to the data from international registries, there has been a steady increase in numbers and results. However, post‑transplant infections remain a fearsome complication with, in the last decade, an increasing incidence of episodes due to antibiotic‑resistant bacteria and opportunistic agents. In this paper, we summarized the most relevant and updated knowledge concerning infections from multidrug‑resistant germs in solid organ transplant recipients, focusing on risk factors, treatment and prevention strategies, and antimicrobial pharmacokinetics relevant to this population of patients.
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Previous literature on race/ethnicity and pain has rarely included all major US racial groups or examined the sensitivity of findings to different pain operationalizations. Using data from the 2010 to 2018 National Health Interview Surveys on adults 18 years or older (N = 273,972), we calculated the weighted prevalence of 6 definitions of pain to provide a detailed description of chronic pain in White, Black, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, and multiracial groups. We also estimated modified Poisson models to obtain relative disparities, net of demographic and socioeconomic (SES) factors including educational attainment, family income, and home ownership; finally, we calculated average predicted probabilities to show prevalence disparities in absolute terms. ⋯ Blacks report lower prevalence of less severe pain definitions than Whites but slightly higher prevalence of severe pain. Net of SES, however, Blacks experienced significantly lower pain across all definitions. Overall, racial disparities are larger than previously recognized once all major racial groups are included, and these disparities are largely consistent across different operationalizations of pain.
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Classification of musculoskeletal pain based on underlying pain mechanisms (nociceptive, neuropathic, and nociplastic pain) is challenging. In the absence of a gold standard, verification of features that could aid in discrimination between these mechanisms in clinical practice and research depends on expert consensus. This Delphi expert consensus study aimed to: (1) identify features and assessment findings that are unique to a pain mechanism category or shared between no more than 2 categories and (2) develop a ranked list of candidate features that could potentially discriminate between pain mechanisms. ⋯ Consensus was reached for 196 of 292 features presented to the panel (clinical examination-134 features, quantitative sensory testing-34, imaging and diagnostic testing-14, and pain-type questionnaires-14). From the 196 features, consensus was reached for 76 features as unique to nociceptive (17), neuropathic (37), or nociplastic (22) pain mechanisms and 120 features as shared between pairs of pain mechanism categories (78 for neuropathic and nociplastic pain). This consensus study generated a list of potential candidate features that are likely to aid in discrimination between types of musculoskeletal pain.
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Cervical disc diseases have been treated by cervical disc arthroplasty (CDA). Nevertheless, some patients will experience a mobility failure in their cervical prostheses over time because of heterotopic ossification. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of gender in long-term outcomes after CDA. ⋯ The incidence of mobility failure in our series of single-level CDA was lower in female patients. Several gender-specific factors both in static and in dynamic features may play a significant role in spinal pathology and CDA long-term radiological outcome.
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Retracted articles represent research withdrawn from the existing body of literature after publication. Research articles may be retracted for several reasons ranging from honest errors to intentional misconduct. They should not be used as reliable sources, and it is unclear why they are cited occasionally by other articles. This study hypothesized that several mechanisms may contribute to citing retracted literature and aimed to analyze the characteristics of articles citing retracted literature in anesthesiology and critical care. ⋯ The corresponding authors were generally unaware of the retraction of the cited article, usually because of inadequate identification of the retracted status in journals and/or web databases and the use of stored copies. Awareness of this phenomenon and rigorous control of the cited references before submitting a paper are of fundamental importance in research.