Articles: cations.
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The best approach for cholecystocholedocholithiasis remains a matter of debate. The aim of this study was to evaluate the technical aspects, learning curve and outcome of laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration (LTCBDE). ⋯ LTCBDE with or without microincision and/or lithotripsy is a safe and effective approach.
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This article presents an original definition of surgical innovation and a practical tool for identifying planned innovations. These will support the responsible introduction of surgical innovations. ⋯ The definition presented in this article overcomes a number of practical challenges. The definition and tool will be of value in supporting responsible surgical innovation, in particular, through the prospective identification of planned innovations.
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Evaluate the current status of Hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) Surgery workforce in North America. ⋯ A cohesive strategy for responsibly responding to the HPB surgical workforce requirements of North America is needed. Elevation of training standards, standardization of requirements for certification, and careful modeling that accounts for regionalization of care should be pursued to prevent overtraining and decentralization of HPB surgical care in the future.