Articles: critical-care.
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Multiple organ failure is regarded to be the major complication of trauma victims treated in the intensive care unit. Long-term rehabilitation results of this special group of patients have not been analyzed so far. ⋯ Patients with multiple injuries, who survived multiple organ failure during their long-term intensive care treatment, show an excellent functional and occupational rehabilitation result. They show no major sequelae in their organ function even years after the trauma. Although often these patients suffer from permanent central or peripheral paralysis and decreased range of motion, this finding does not correlate with the patients' ability to return to work.
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Noninvasive ventilation as well established in treatment of chronic respiratory failure. Many announcements and our own experience give evidence that this method of treatment is useful for patients with acute respiratory failure too. Also the actual situation of our health system requires increasing attention to financial points of view. ⋯ So noninvasive ventilation is a cost reducing and gentle alternative compared to conventional invasive mechanical ventilation for many patients with acute respiratory failure. It is also practicable in regional hospitals. Further investigation is needed to specify those groups of patients who receive the most benefit from noninvasive ventilation.
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The mechanically ventilated patient often represents the ultimate in vulnerability and demands the highest standards of nursing care. Not only may the patient be unconscious but also the artificial airway is an unnatural invasion of the most innate physiological mechanism--breathing, and the nurse must safeguard this during all aspects of care. ⋯ It ranges from caring for the patient's activities of daily living to carrying out the highly technical and invasive monitoring and interventions which require specialist knowledge and skills. This article, the first in a two-part series, covers the types of ventilation, suction therapy, oral and eye care, elimination, body position, physiotherapy and the physiological effects of mechanical ventilation.