Articles: emergency-medicine.
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To identify and assess artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled products reviewed by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) that are potentially applicable to emergency medicine (EM). ⋯ An increasing number of AI-enabled products are available and regulated by the FDA. We have identified 154 that are applicable to EM, primarily related to assisting with diagnosis on various imaging modalities. There remain many opportunities for EM to assist in product reviews and meaningful translation of products into clinical practice.
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In the United States, on average, every 15 s, someone visits a hospital emergency department (ED) for a dental condition. This commentary summarizes the recommendations from a 2024 clinical practice guideline for the pharmacological management of acute dental pain associated with tooth extractions and toothache applicable to ED settings, hospitals, and urgent care clinics where definitive dental treatment is not immediately available. ⋯ NSAIDs with or without acetaminophen are first-line therapy for managing acute dental pain following tooth extraction(s) and temporarily managing toothache. Opioids should be reserved for clinical situations when first-line therapy is insufficient or contraindications to NSAIDs exist.
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Trauma is a major contributor to global disease burden, disproportionally affecting low- and middle-income countries, especially in the African Region. Emergency centre thoracotomy (ECT) is a potentially life-saving procedure for a sub-group of trauma patients in extremis. Most literature regarding ECT originated in high-income countries. This study aimed to describe patient, procedure and outcome characteristics of ECTs performed at two facilities in a resource-limited setting in South Africa. ⋯ The performance of ECT in this resource-limited district-level setting, followed by stabilisation and transfer of patients to tertiary hospitals seems to result in comparable or better survival rates than reported in international literature. Further research is needed to better describe the performance and outcomes of EC thoracotomies in a resource-limited setting. This study setting, with high incidence of trauma and ECT performed, provides an excellent opportunity for further research. Prospective studies may demonstrate correlations between specific patient and procedural characteristics and outcomes and may guide the development of local guidelines.
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The number of emergency department (ED) visits has been on steady increase globally. Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, including Large Language Model (LLMs)-based generative AI models, have shown promise in improving triage accuracy. This study evaluates the performance of ChatGPT and Copilot in triage at a high-volume urban hospital, hypothesizing that these tools can match trained physicians' accuracy and reduce human bias amidst ED crowding challenges. ⋯ ChatGPT and Copilot outperform traditional nurse triage in identifying high-acuity patients, but real-time ED capacity data is crucial to prevent overcrowding and ensure high-quality of emergency care.