Articles: ninos.
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Cochrane Db Syst Rev · Aug 2017
Prophylactic plasma transfusion for patients undergoing non-cardiac surgery.
This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To determine the clinical effectiveness and safety of prophylactic plasma transfusion for people with confirmed or presumed coagulopathy requiring non-cardiac surgery.
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American family physician · Aug 2017
Top POEMs of 2016 Consistent with the Principles of the Choosing Wisely Campaign.
A challenge in the Choosing Wisely campaign is to identify low-value clinical actions supported by high-quality evidence. We applied a method based on crowdsourcing the Daily POEM (patient-oriented evidence that matters) to identify low-value clinical actions from research studies consistent with the principles of Choosing Wisely. In 2016, we analyzed an average of 1,382 questionnaires on 265 unique POEMs delivered to physician members of the Canadian Medical Association. ⋯ These recommendations fall into the categories of musculoskeletal conditions (e.g., degenerative meniscal tears, chronic low back pain), cardiovascular disease (e.g., chronic stable angina, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction), respiratory disease (e.g., pneumonia, asthma exacerbations), and preventive care (e.g., screening for lung, colorectal, or ovarian cancer). Based on the results of the studies, these recommendations describe interventions whose benefits are not superior to other options, are sometimes more expensive, or put patients at increased risk of harm. Knowing more about these POEMs and their connection with the Choosing Wisely campaign will help clinicians and their patients engage in conversations better informed by high-quality evidence.
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The surgical approach of the axilla in patients with early-stage breast cancer has witnessed considerable evolution during the past 25 years. The previously undisputed gold standard of axillary-lymph-node dissection for staging has now been replaced by sentinel-lymph-node biopsy for patients with clinically negative axilla. For selected patients with limited sentinel-lymph-node involvement, completion axillary-lymph-node dissection can be omitted or replaced by axillary radiotherapy, reducing morbidity. ⋯ Refinement of the sentinel-lymph-node biopsy technique might overcome the slightly impaired success rates in this setting. New techniques for lymphatic mapping attempt to further simplify the procedure. In view of the declining influence of axillary nodal status on adjuvant therapy decision-making, ongoing clinical trials will evaluate whether sentinel-lymph-node biopsy can be avoided altogether in selected patients.