Articles: anesthetics.
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Historical Article
[Historical origin of local anesthesia in dentistry].
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Apr 1987
Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical TrialPropofol emulsion for induction and maintenance of anaesthesia. A combined technique of general and regional anaesthesia.
To provide general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation during regional blockades, three dose regimens of propofol emulsion were studied: induction 2 mg kg-1, infusion rate 9 mg kg-1 h-1 (Group 1); induction 2.5 mg kg-1, infusion rate 12 mg kg-1 h-1 (Group 2); induction 2.5 mg kg-1, infusion rate 9 mg kg-1 (Group 3). Each group comprised 10 healthy (ASA class 1 or 2) unpremedicated patients. The induction times measured from the start of injection until counting ceased (+/- 50 s) and until eye-lash reflex disappeared (+/- 80 s) showed no statistical differences between groups. ⋯ Apart from a short period of euphoria, recovery was uneventful. There was no tendency to fall asleep again. None of the combinations of induction doses and infusion rates provided good anaesthesia conditions for an acceptable number of patients.
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Fifty-three infants with neural tube defects and 97 with other major congenital abnormalities have been reviewed. In only one case did the mother receive an anaesthetic before or during pregnancy and this anaesthetic is unlikely to have played any part in the outcome. The anaesthetic history was recorded for 471 mothers who booked consecutively for their confinements. ⋯ The corrected annual incidence of anaesthesia was about 20% (14% related to fertility). There were no fetal abnormalities, but two miscarriages in the women anaesthetized during pregnancy. There was one abnormal baby delivered to a women anaesthetized more than 12 weeks before the last menstrual period.
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Comparative Study
Propofol or thiopentone: effects on intraocular pressure associated with induction of anaesthesia and tracheal intubation (facilitated with suxamethonium).
Changes in intraocular pressure (IOP) were studied in patients given propofol 2.1 mg kg-1 (n = 30) or thiopentone 4.9 mg kg-1 (n = 30) followed by suxamethonium 1.0 mg kg-1 and tracheal intubation. Half the patients in each group received an additional smaller dose of the same induction agent (propofol 1.0 mg kg-1 or thiopentone 2.0 mg kg-1) immediately before intubation. Both agents produced significant decreases in IOP which were slightly more marked with propofol. ⋯ Intubation of the trachea produced the greatest increase in IOP, averaging about 25% above control in all groups except in the group given the additional dose of propofol, in whom IOP remained below control values throughout the process of induction and intubation. Ten patients (33%) experienced pain on injection with propofol. A decrease in systolic arterial pressure of more than 30% was observed in 12 patients (40%) receiving propofol, compared with three (10%) of those given thiopentone.