Articles: mortality.
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Multicenter Study
Inequalities in premature mortality in Britain: observational study from 1921 to 2007.
To report on the extent of inequality in premature mortality as measured between geographical areas in Britain. ⋯ Inequalities in premature mortality between areas of Britain continued to rise steadily during the first decade of the 21st century. The last time in the long economic record that inequalities were almost as high was in the lead up to the economic crash of 1929 and the economic depression of the 1930s. The economic crash of 2008 might precede even greater inequalities in mortality between areas in Britain.
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Journal of neurotrauma · Jul 2010
Review Case Reports Historical Article150 years of treating severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review of progress in mortality.
Considerable effort and resources have been devoted to preserving life in patients with severe closed traumatic brain injury (TBI). We sought to identify temporal trends in mortality rates of these patients from the late 1800s to the present. We searched the literature for articles on severe TBI, abstracting numbers of patients studied, numbers of deaths, and years of patient entry. ⋯ Both changes are significant. There was no observed improvement in mortality between 1930 and 1970, nor is progress evident since 1990. The authors discuss possible reasons for the apparently intermittent progress in TBI survival over time.
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This systematic review focuses on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in ART-eligible pregnant women. Mother- to-child transmission (MTCT) is the primary means by which children worldwide acquire HIV infection. MTCT occurs during three major timepoints during pregnancy and the postpartum period: in utero, intrapartum, and during breastfeeding. Strategies to reduce MTCT focus on these periods of exposure and include maternal and infant use of ART, caesarean section before onset of labour or rupture of membranes, and complete avoidance of breastfeeding. Where these combined interventions are available, the risk of MTCT is as low as 1-2%. Thus, ART used among mothers who require treatment of HIV for their own health also plays a significant role in decreasing MTCT. ⋯ In ART-eligible pregnant women with HIV infection, ART is a safe and effective means of providing maternal virologic suppression, decreasing infant mortality, and reducing MTCT. Specifically, AZT/3TC/NVP, AZT/3TC/LPV-r, and AZT/3TC/ABC have been shown to decrease MTCT. More research is needed regarding the use of specific regimens and their maternal and infant side-effect profiles.
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Indian J Crit Care Med · Jul 2010
Acute kidney injury after trauma: Prevalence, clinical characteristics and RIFLE classification.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an uncommon but serious complication after trauma. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, clinical characteristics and outcome of AKI after trauma. ⋯ AKI is a fatal complication after trauma, which presented with a high mortality in the studied population. A better comprehension of factors associated with death in trauma-associated AKI is important, and more effective measures of prevention and treatment of AKI in this population are urgently needed.
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To determine if troponin I and NT-proBNP were predictors of 6-month mortality after emergency orthopedic-geriatric surgery in a frail population. ⋯ Troponin I and NT-proBNP were not predictors of 6-month mortality or cardiac events in an older frailer population of patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. These patients sustained substantial cardiac morbidity and mortality at 6 months after surgery. The control of symptoms, rather than prolongation of life with cardiological intervention, may be more appropriate for this patient group.