Articles: mortality.
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This paper uses data from censuses and surveys to re-estimate mortality levels and trends in China from the 1960s to 2000. We use the General Growth Balance method to evaluate the completeness of death reporting above the youngest ages in three censuses of the People's Republic of China from 1982 to 2000, concluding that reporting quality is quite high, and revisit the completeness of death recording in the 1973-75 Cancer Epidemiology Survey. ⋯ Our estimates show a spectacular improvement in life expectancy in China: from about 60 years in the period 1964-82 to nearly 70 years in the period 1990-2000, with a further improvement to over 71 years by 2000. We discuss why survival rates continue improving in China despite reduced government involvement in and increasing privatization of health services, with little insurance coverage.
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Comparative Study
[Self-rated health and probability of death among middle-aged Kaunas population (20-year follow-up)].
The aim of this study was to examine the self-rated health differences in relation with risk factors among middle-aged men and women and to assess the probability of death from all causes, from cardiovascular diseases and from ischemic heart disease in the self-rated health groups during the 20-year follow-up. In the framework of the World Health Organization MONICA-1 survey (1983-1984) random samples of Kaunas men and women aged 35-64 and stratified by age and gender (response rate 70.2%) were examined using standard epidemiological methods. Self-rated health was divided into five levels based on information from questionnaire: excellent, very good, good, fair, or ill. ⋯ Among dead women with hypercholesterolemia (> or =5.0 mmol/l), overweight (body mass index > or =25.0 kg/m2), nonsmoking and sufficient physical activity the prevalence of "fair and ill" self-rated health was higher as compared to alive; the prevalence of "fair and ill" self-rated health in men with hypercholesterolemia (> or =5.0 mmol/l) and sufficient physical activity was higher among dead as compared to alive. During the 20 year follow-up the probability of death from all causes, cardiovascular and ischemic heart disease among men with self-rated health as "ill and fair" as compared to "excellent and very good", showed statistically significant difference (log rank=18.5, p<0.001, log rank=10.8 p<0.01, log rank=8.9, p<0.01, respectively); among women there were no significant differences. The results of this study suggest that special attention and care should be directed to persons with reporting self-rated health as "fair and ill".
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Comparative Study
Annual update: 2002 mortality statistics: cause (England and Wales).
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J Health Popul Nutr · Dec 2003
Comparative StudyImpact of coffee and other selected factors on general mortality and mortality due to cardiovascular disease in Croatia.
In Croatia, the mortality rate is higher than that in the countries of the European Union (EU), and consumption of coffee is moderate compared to the EU countries. The study examined the effects of coffee consumption on all-cause (general) mortality, mortality due to cardiovascular disease, and survival. Analyses were based on data obtained from an epidemiological longitudinal study started in 1969 with follow-ups in 1972, including 1,571 men and 1,793 women aged 35-59 years, and in 1982, including 1,093 men and 1,330 women. ⋯ Women who regularly drank coffee 1-2 cup(s) per day had a significantly lower risk of all-cause death adjusted for age, region, smoking, diastolic blood pressure, feeling of well-being, and history of stomach ulcer (relative risk = 0.631; p = 0.0033; confidence interval: 0.464-0.857). The role of coffee consumption on mortality was less relevant than other variables. However, it cannot be completely neglected in women.