Articles: mortality.
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Am J Forensic Med Pathol · Dec 2003
Deaths among criminal suspects, law enforcement officers, civilians, and prison inmates: a coroner-based study.
During the interaction between a criminal suspect and a law enforcement officer, the risk of death to the suspect, police, or civilians is increased. Unfortunately, very little information is available on the death risks arising from this interaction. This study provides an assessment of the risk of death to law enforcement officers, suspects, and bystanders by separating the interactions into the following 4 phases: (1) events prior to and during arrest; (2) police pursuits or chases; (3) transport of the suspects; and (4) during incarceration. ⋯ The majority of cases (98.7%) were males, blacks (63.6%), and single (50.6%). The respective risks of death by phase were prearrest/arrest, 6.5 per 100,000 arrests; transport, 0.93 deaths per 100,000 arrests; and incarceration, 268 deaths per 100,000 inmates. Study showed the following: (1) risk of death to offenders was greatest during police pursuits; (2) the risks during arrests are not insignificant and involved an officer being threatened with a weapon in one-third of the events; and (3) deaths among inmates were primarily due to natural causes.
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Annals of Saudi medicine · Nov 2003
Regional experience with newborn screening for sickle cell disease, other hemoglobinopathies and G6PD deficiency.
Newborn screening for sickle cell disease, other hemoglobinopathies and G6PD deficiency is one of the most important means of decreasing mortality and morbidity in high prevalence areas. Nine years experience in newborn screening in Qatif Central Hospital are summarized. ⋯ Prevention and early identification of sickle cell disease, other major hemoglobinopathies and G6PD deficiency remains the cornerstone of management of these diseases. The main barriers to successful neonatal screening for hemoglobinopathies are the level of the education and deficiency in manpower. We recommend including newborn screening for hemoglobinopathies and G6PD deficiency in the national hypothyroidism screening program in the eastern province and the establishment of a special center for hemoglobinopathies with a high standard of medical care in Qatif.
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Multicenter Study
Widening socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in six Western European countries.
During the past decades a widening of the relative gap in death rates between upper and lower socioeconomic groups has been reported for several European countries. Although differential mortality decline for cardiovascular diseases has been suggested as an important contributory factor, it is not known what its quantitative contribution was, and to what extent other causes of death have contributed to the widening gap in total mortality. ⋯ Reducing socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in Western Europe critically depends upon speeding up mortality declines from cardiovascular diseases in lower socioeconomic groups, and countering mortality increases from several other causes of death in lower socioeconomic groups.
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Rev Epidemiol Sante · Oct 2003
Comparative Study[Causes of death in a cohort of EDF-GDF employees: comparison between occupational medicine and official statistics data].
In an epidemiological study, medical causes of death may be obtained from different sources. In a study on French gas and electricity company (EDF-GDF) workers, they were obtained from the national INSERM database. Additionally, the causes collected by the EDF-GDF occupational physicians were available for a subset of 1,330 deaths, which occurred between 1989 and 1994. The data from the two sources were compared with each other, in order to assess whether they were globally equivalent, and the potential impact of their differences on the results of epidemiological analyses. ⋯ Causes of death recorded in the INSERM and EDF-GDF physicians databases are very different. Therefore, using the national mortality rates computed by INSERM with the EDF-GDF physicians causes of death to calculate SMRs is not valid, and it is observed that they may be very different from those computed with INSERM data. In a general way, it should be better to use the INSERM database, which is a common source, in order to generate results comparable with other studies. However, this database has its own limitations, and it may be better, in particular situations and for internal analyses, to use another source if it seems to be a better one.
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This review will attempt to summarize recent clinical data on glutamine's use. It will present the concept of glutamine as a "drug" or "nutraceutical," given in addition to standard nutrition support. Key references will be discussed, and clinical recommendations with regard to patients who may benefit and dosing are also provided. ⋯ High-dose or parenteral (> 0.25 to 0.30 g/kg/day IV or >or=30 g/day enterally) glutamine appears to demonstrate the greatest potential for benefit in hospitalized patients. No evidence of harm has been observed in studies conducted to date; thus, further clinical trials using glutamine as a pharmacologic supplement to standard nutrition are warranted.