Articles: mortality.
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J Epidemiol Community Health · Jun 1998
Why is mortality higher in poorer areas and in more northern areas of England and Wales?
To identify and quantify the factors responsible for the differences in mortality between affluent and deprived areas, the north and the south, and urban and rural areas in England and Wales. ⋯ Differences in the prevalence of smoking account for much of the variation in mortality between areas. Alcohol accounts for some, diet little. The more direct material effect of deprivation contributes to the variation in mortality but is particularly important with respect to differences in morbidity.
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Acta Psychiatr Scand · Jun 1998
Association of maternal, antenatal and perinatal complications with suicide in adolescence and young adulthood.
The aim of the present study was to investigate whether maternal, antenatal and perinatal complications are associated with adolescent or young adulthood suicide in offspring. Cases consisted of individuals, aged 15-22 years, born in New York City and committing suicide in New York City between 1985 and 1991 (n = 189). Two controls were selected for each case, constituting the hospital birth immediately preceding and following that of the case, matched with the case with regard to sex and ethnicity. ⋯ This lack of association between complications and outcome also obtained in separate analyses by sex, ethnicity, socio-economic status and age at suicide. These results fail to replicate the findings of two previous reports implicating maternal, antenatal and perinatal complications in risk of youth suicide. At present, epidemiological evidence that adverse reproductive events increase the risk for suicide in offspring remains inconclusive.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Clinical Trial
Randomised trial of effects of vitamin supplements on pregnancy outcomes and T cell counts in HIV-1-infected women in Tanzania.
In HIV-1-infected women, poor micronutrient status has been associated with faster progression of HIV-1 disease and adverse birth outcomes. We assessed the effects of vitamin A and multivitamins on birth outcomes in such women. ⋯ Multivitamin supplementation is a low-cost way of substantially decreasing adverse pregnancy outcomes and increasing T-cell counts in HIV-1-infected women. The clinical relevance of our findings for vertical transmission and clinical progression of HIV-1 disease is yet to be ascertained.
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Comparative Study
Rates of perinatal mortality and low birth weight among 3367 consecutive births in south of Beirut.
3367 consecutive births were reviewed prospectively. Population belongs mainly to a community with relatively underprivileged living conditions. Perinatal mortality was found at a rate of 22.4/1000 B. ⋯ Our medical schools are called to encourage pediatricians to specialize in neonatal intensive care and to create more opportunities for this specialty to meet the national requirement. It is suggested, too, to subject ICN units in Lebanon to standardized requirements concerning attendance and facilities before obtaining official recognition. Centralization of care given to severely sick neonates and to women with high risk pregnancy in optimal conditions is most needed.