Articles: mortality.
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To illustrate the magnitude of the impact of AIDS on projections of mortality, to explain the reasons for the differences in projections by major international organizations and to provide a simple approach to estimating the impact of AIDS on life expectancy. ⋯ It is clear that AIDS has already increased mortality significantly in many countries and will continue to do so in the coming decades. Uncertainty about current and future levels of HIV prevalence among adults leads to differences in the projections of future AIDS-related mortality. As data and projection methodologies improve, the differences in projections may be reduced for sub-Saharan Africa, but the growing epidemic in some of the largest countries of Asia may increase uncertainty about future global impacts.
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Bull. World Health Organ. · Jan 1998
Comparative StudyChanges in premature deaths in Finland: successful long-term prevention of cardiovascular diseases.
This article describes the long-term consequences of successful cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention and its influence on premature mortality in Finland, with special reference to North Karelia. Active community-based CVD prevention began in 1972 in the province of North Karelia (population, 180,000). Since 1977, active preventive work has been carried out nationwide, taking advantage of the experience from North Karelia, which continued as a demonstration area for integrated prevention of noncommunicable diseases. ⋯ Among men, CHD mortality decreased in the 1970s, as did lung cancer mortality in the 1980s and 1990s, significantly more in North Karelia than in all of Finland. Among women there was a great reduction in CVD (including CHD and stroke) mortality and all-causes mortality, but only a small reduction in cancer mortality. These results show that a major reduction in CVD mortality among the working-age population can take place in association with active reduction of major risk factors, with a favourable impact on cancer and all-causes mortality.
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This article is the second part of a paper which updates previous analyses of suicide published in Population Trends. Suicide trends are analysed by age and sex for the constituent countries of the United Kingdom. Data for England and Wales are presented by region and by local authority. The analyses show substantial variations in suicide rates both across the United Kingdom and within England and Wales.
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In the period 1989-94, mortality rates for the most important causes of death in people migrated to the Tuscany from other Italian regions were analysed. The area of birth was assessed according to the information on province of birth recorded on death certificates. For this analysis we classified Italy into Tuscany and five broad areas, each including a number of political regions: North-West, North-East, Centre, South and Islands. ⋯ AIDS and opioids overdose mortality was higher in North-West born subjects. Mortality for external causes was higher in people born outside of the Tuscany. Both in males and females, overall mortality was higher in North-West and lower in South born people and lower in Centre and Islands born males.
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Comparative Study
Alcohol-related injury death and alcohol availability in remote Alaska.
Injury is a major public health problem in Alaska, and alcohol consumption and injury death are associated. ⋯ Although insufficient data existed to adjust for the effects of all potential confounders, residence in a wet village was associated with alcohol-related injury death among Alaska Native residents of remote Alaska villages. These findings indicate that measures limiting access to alcoholic beverages in this region may decrease alcohol-related injury deaths.