Articles: mortality.
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Comparative Study
Metropolitan income inequality and working-age mortality: a cross-sectional analysis using comparable data from five countries.
The relationship between income inequality and mortality has come into question as of late from many within-country studies. This article examines the relationship between income inequality and working-age mortality for metropolitan areas (MAs) in Australia, Canada, Great Britain, Sweden, and the United States to provide a fuller understanding of national contexts that produce associations between inequality and mortality. An ecological cross-sectional analysis of income inequality (as measured by median share of income) and working-age (25-64) mortality by using census and vital statistics data for 528 MAs (population >50,000) from five countries in 1990-1991 was used. ⋯ These two countries had the highest average levels of income inequality and the largest populations of the five countries studied. Although a strong ecological association was found between income inequality and mortality across the 528 MAs, an association between income inequality and mortality was evident only in within-country analyses for the two most unequal countries: the United States and Great Britain. The absence of an effect of metropolitan-scale income inequality on mortality in the more egalitarian countries of Canada, Australia, and Sweden is suggestive of national-scale policies in these countries that buffer hypothetical effects of income inequality as a determinant of population health in industrialized economies.
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Population health metrics · Feb 2005
Comparing strategies for United States veterans' mortality ascertainment.
We aimed to determine optimal strategies for complete mortality ascertainment comparing death certificates and United States (US) Veterans Administration (VA) records. ⋯ As single sources, VA decedent files and death certificates each provided an incomplete record, and death ascertainment was improved by using both source files. Potential bias may vary depending on analytic interest.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study Clinical Trial
The effects of a smoking cessation intervention on 14.5-year mortality: a randomized clinical trial.
Randomized clinical trials have not yet demonstrated the mortality benefit of smoking cessation. ⋯ Smoking cessation intervention programs can have a substantial effect on subsequent mortality, even when successful in a minority of participants.